E-Research Proposal Hand Book.Pdf

Hand arrest Of M. S / M. Phil & Ph. D question proffer / Synopsis Compiled By Mr. Nasir Shaheen Additional Registrar & Mr. Ijaz Ahmad Coordinator M. Phil / Ph. D Programs Qurtuba University of cognition and Information technology, Peshawar. e Left Blank Intentionally 4 antedate As a rule, the main comp mavennts of a enquiry translate ar nearly the similar in all discip subscriber lines through aside the world. Though, various ways of referencing and summons point are holdd by the exploreers in their inquiry induce i. e.APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Turabian etc. N sensationtheless, every established university develops its own customized format for its students facilitation in presentation of search final ca examples and theses. This hand sacred scripture is compiled to facilitate the M. S / M. Phil and Ph. D students of Qurtuba University in developing their question proposals and to bring an overall uniformity in their investigate proposals. The format sugg ested in this handbook is mandatory for all M. S / M. Phil and Ph. D. students to develop and wedgemit their proposal for approval of hop on of Ad wagon trainced Studies and question (BOASAR).Further, the students are compulsory to swot up their research proposal under the supervision of their respective supervisors. The purpose of the research proposal / synopsis is to help the scholars to contract and define their research plans. A well developed research proposal needs to implicate accredited basic components, in which a number of questions are to be conferressed. wherefore research on the proposed topic should be under taken and what gains are likely to be earnd? What has been bear previously in this or related athletic fields? What are the objectives of the breeding and how these lead be achieved? What methodological analysis is to be utilise to carry turn up the guinea pig?An extensive sign exercise should help in plan a sound research project, which is li kely to make a real contrisolelyion in successful completion of M. S / M. Phil and Ph. D. research. 1 1 Preliminary Section 1. 1 cognomen scallywag The epithet scalawag of the research proposal / synopsis should include denomination of the research project, fig of the student (with qualifications), depict of the supervisor(s), place of dally and date (month and year) of submission. The topic for research should be selected carefully. It should be specific and well formulated in station to show the nature of run low involved as far as possible (See Sample) . 2 Certificates The take placeing certificates should be attached after title rogue i Detailed Marks Sheet (part of the proposal) iii flattery Certificate (as a part of the proposal / synopsis) 1. 3 (See sample) card of table of issues keep down the sections of proposal / synopsis and rascal recognitions. drug ab office hierarchy of titles and sub titles. 2 2 Body of query Proposal / Synopsis 2. 1 Introduc tion It should provide a sketch description to introduce the landing field of the proposed research work and provide background information relating to the social / political / historical / educational / organizational (etc) context of the study. . 2 Literature refresh A review of the relevant literature showing the work done previously in the area of proposed research is essential to plan promote research effectively. The information give awayn in the review should be support by references. The function of the literature review is to show your supervisor and the department that you are aware of significant writers / researchers in the field, and to imply which issues / topics you leave behind focus on in your review. Literature review is non judge to be extensive for the proposal / synopsis.You should demonstrate critical analysis and your review should be shaped by your argument and should seek to establish your theoretical orientation. 2. 3 Research Problem / Questions A concise research problem arguing that, in one to tierce sentences, describes specifically what the problem is that you intend to solve. It explains what problems or issues you appetite to explore and why you wish to explore them. 3 2. 4 Research Objective The General /Global Objective should state the expected contri preciselyion of the research to the general body of knowledge in the dependent area.The Specific Objectives should state how specifically the general objectives will be achieved. 2. 5 Hypotheses (Optional) The students may include hypothesis of the study in their proposal depending on the nature of the research. Hypotheses should be in the form of Null supposition (H0) and replenishment Hypothesis (H1). 2. 6 Methodology The Methodology section is very chief(prenominal) beca give it documents how you plan to tackle your research problem. Depending on the nature and the underlying methodological pproach to be adopted for the proposed research work the followings may be document in this section Research Design and Method Indicate which research design is to be adopted/ employ (if any) Is the research QUANTITATIVE or QUALITATIVE in nature in terms of the methodology? plow and justify your choice of research method High timid and discuss the relevancy of the adopted method to your study Describe how the adopted method will be applied Research Type Is the research Explorative, Descriptive, Causal or a incident study method? Techniques / Tools /Approaches / Instrumentation/Devices Which techniques, tools/instruments, approaches etc will be adopted and drilld to develop/produce, present/demonstrate the expected go outs of the proposed study Highlight and discuss the relevance of these techniques /tools / instruments /approaches to your study. 4 Describe how these techniques/tools/ instruments or approaches will be applied or use Data Collection Methods (if applicable) distinctly indicate as to whether you are going to use primary or secondary entropy Indicate what does primary or secondary data mean (i. e. provide a theoretical perspective). Identify the secondary data which you are going to use for your study.Population and Sampling Procedures (if applicable) Identify and document the commonwealth or reference for the study. In case of disparate components of the population, clearly indicate this Discuss the various sampling frames, types and techniques that will be adopted including an meter reading of the type of statistical data analysis that will be carried out to analyze the results In brief the guiding principle for composing the methodology section is that it should contain sufficient information for the reader to determine whether the methodology is sound. It may well be the longest section of your proposal. . 7 meaning of the Study While documenting the significance of the research you need to indicate how your research will refine, revise, or extend the frontiers of existing knowledge in the area under investigation. preeminence that such refinements, revisions, or extensions may have substantive, theoretical, or methodological significance. The documentation of the significance of the study should, among oppo speckle things, hang onress the following questions What are the specific, significant, unique/major contributions that the proposed research work will make to the area/body of knowledge? What will be the expected results/ outgrowth of the proposed research? What will be the practical implications/use of the expected results/ case? How will the expected results/outcome of the study be implemented, including a parameter on its possible impact and on what innovations will come astir(predicate) through its implementation (if any)? 5 What areas/directions of further/ posterior research work are likely to arise from the expected outcome/findings or results of the proposed study? What will be im confirmd or changed as a result of the proposed research wo rk? . 8 Limitation Document the potential weaknesses or the possible limitations of the expected results/outcome of the proposed study and the limitations of the approaches, procedures, methods etc to be adopted to achieve the expected results of the proposed study. Also to be include are statements relating to issues, factors beyond the domination of the study. 2. 9 parts & Bibliography A section listing relevant references on which the research proposal is based should be included. Only references reard in the text are to be included in the reference list. The tudents of Social recognitions should use APA style for approval while students of Linguistics and Literature should use MLA Style for language. The student should add the relevant Bibliography in the last part after reference points in alphabetical order. 2. 10 pupil Profile A comprehensive student profile consisting of bio data, educational qualification and professional background of the student should be the las t part of the proposal. The student profile should be made as per suggested format. see sample 6 3 Referencing and Citation For Social intelligences All the students of Social Sciences i. . trouble Sciences, Political Sciences, International Relations and breeding are required to use the following style of referencing and quote in their proposals. (The basic concept is taken from APA style of referencing) 3. 1 Handling Quotes in the Text Short credits (fewer than 40 run-in) are incorporated into the text and premised by double quotation tag ( ). Long quotations ( more than than 40 words) are typed in a type stop with no quotation marks. Indent five spaces and type the sinless quotation on the indented margin without the usual opening paragraph indentation.Give reference information in parentheses ( ) after last sentence in block quotation, with no punctuation following parentheses. If you have a quote at bottom a short quote, enclose it in single quotation marks ( ). If you have a quote within a block quotation, enclose it in double quotation marks ( ). Ellipsis points () are used to indicate material omitted from the body of a quotation, but should not be used at the sufferning or end of a quotation. 3. 2 In-Text Citation Citations within the text of your paper refer the reader to an alphabetical reference list at the end of the paper.APA format uses the origin-date method of credit. The rootages last name and the progeny date are inserted at the appropriate point in the text, following the material cited. Suffixes such as PhD. or Jr. are not included. flora by a single causality If the author is mentioned in the paper, provide the year of pothouselication in ( ) just after the name Ex Hacking (1998) thwarts material on public come in slightly chronic fatigue syndrome. If the author is not mentioned in the paper, at the end of the quote or paraphrase use the authors last name and the year, separated by a commaEx The denomination covers material on public record about chronic fatigue syndrome (Hacking, 1998). If both the author and the date are mentioned in the text, a parenthetical reference is not needed. Ex In a 1993 condition, Gould explains Darwins most successful theory. 7 For exact quotations, cite specific rogue poesy following the year. Ex Emily Bronte expressed increase hostility for the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social (Taylor, 1988, p. 11). For paraphrased passages, page numbers are encouraged, but not required. The year is required. For an online source with no paginationIf page numbers are not provided on an electronic source, use the abbreviation para. to indicate the paragraph location of direct quotes. Ex In exchange for that cooperation, authorities have recommended a sentence of 15 years in prison (Hayes, 2009, para. 4). Works by deuce authors deliver the last label of both authors. Use the word and to separate the names in the sentence, and use an & to separate their names in the parenthetical consultation. Ex As Sullivan and Thomas (1998) point out Ex The turmoil in the Middle East is the result of politics (Sullivan & Thomas, 1998). Works by more than two authorsUse the last names of all authors in the kickoff quote. Then, in all following credit ingresss, include only the last name of the setoff author followed by et al. Ex Writing becomes better as the child matures (Britton, Thomas, & Miller, 1996). Ex According to Britton et al. (1996), a child s writing improves over time. Works with no author identified When a work has no author identified, cite the basic two or ternion words of the reference list submission followed by the year. The starting time entry is usually the title. Italicize the title of a periodical or book use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter.Ex in the book Language Use (1991). Ex article on language use ( land languages, 1993). utility(prenominal) Sources When a work mention s an other, previously published work, acknowledge the original author in your text, but give the source you are using in the reference list. Use the phrase as cited in for your in-text reference. Ex As Villa points out, Perhaps the contradict seems so strong because the stakes are so low (as cited in Affleck, Allen, & Della, 1996). ad hominem Communication (Including letters, e-mail, and interviews) Do not add this information to your reference list. You should cite the information in text only.Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide an exact date Ex L. J. Smith ( psycheal communication, kinsfolk 20, 2009). Ex (A. N. Jones, personal communication, bound 18, 2009). 8 3. 3 quote itemisation BOOKS feeling In titles of books in the reference list, capitalize only the first word of the title, the first word after a colon, and proper nouns. rootages name. (publication date). backing. metropolis and state of publication Publisher. bears by one a uthor Ex Alvarez, M. (1999). The trip within. new-fashioned York, NY Random House. In-text deferred payment (Alvarez, 1999). Books by two to even authors Authors names in the order in which they appear. (date). ennoble of publication. City and state Publisher. Ex Strunk, W. , Jr. , Jones, T. , & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style ( tertiary ed. ). sunrise(prenominal) York, NY Macmillan. In-text citation (Strunk, Jones, & White, 1979). List the first six authors, then insert collar ellipsis points, and add the last Authors name. Books with 8 or more authors Ex Engberg, M. , Dugan, J. P. , Haworth, J. , Williams, T. , Kelly, B. , Johnson, W. , Stewart, S. (2009). Navigating the complexity of higher education in preparation program administration.San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass. prototypic in-text citation (Engberg, Dugan, Haworth, Williams, Kelly, Johnson, Smith, & Stewart, 2009). Subsequent in-text citations (Engberg, et al. , 2009). Alphabetize group authors by the firs t significant word of the name. Books by a group, (date). Title. City Publisher (When the author and publisher are institutional, or the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher). corporate authors Ex Springhouse Corporation. (2002). Assessment made incredibly easy. Springhouse, PA Author. In-text citation (Springhouse Corporation, 2002).For a book with an editor but no author, begin with the name of the editor (or editors) followed by the abbreviation Ed. (or Eds. for more than one editor) in parentheses. Books with Editors Ex Duncan, G. J. , & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds. ). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. tender York, NY Russell Sage Foundation. In-text citation (Duncan & Brooks-Gunn, 1997). 9 Ex Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of indispensable well- being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds. ), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). refreshed York, NY Guilford Press. In-text citation (Haybron, 2008).Cite as you normally would, but add information about the editor in parentheses after the book title. A book pen by an Ex Plath, Sylvia. (2000). The unabridged journals (K. V. Kukil, Ed. ). author but overseen by an parvenue York, NY Anchor. editor For a book with a chapter written by an author but edited by another person In-text citation (Plath, 2000). 3. 4 author List ARTICLES Authors name. (date). Title of chapter or entry. In Editors (Eds. ), Title of reference book. (Vol. , pp. ). Location Publisher. Article or entry in a reference book Ex Field, T. (2002). tiddler abuse and neglect. In A. Kazdin (Ed. , encyclopedia of psychology. (Vol. 2, pp. 61-65). Washington, D. C. Oxford. In-text citation (Field, 2002). Ex Schizophrenia. (1983). In A. Kazdin (Ed. ), The cyclopedia of psychology. (Vol. 10, p. 104). impertinent York, NY Wiley. In-text citation (Schizophrenia, 1983). Scholarly journals are often published by volume, and page numbers may continue throughout the year sooner of beginning each issue with page 1. After the italicized title of the journal, give the volume number (also italicized, but do not use Vol. ) followed by the page numbers at the end of the citation (do not use pp. ) Articles in scholarly Author(s). (date).Title of article. Title of Periodical or daybook, volume journals and periodicals , page s. paginated by volume Ex Spitch, M. L. , Verzy, H. N. , & Wilkie, D. M. (1993). Subjective shortening A simulation of pigeon s memory for event duration. Journal of Experimental Psychology fauna Behavior Processes, 9, 14-66. Articles in journals paginated by issues In-text citation (Spitch, Verzy, & Wilkie, 1993). When each issue of a journal begins with page 1, include the issue number in paranthesesAuthor. (date). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume (issue ), page s. Ex Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 0 News clips are usually published weekly or monthly. nonee the month (and date, if given), along with the year. Remember to include volume and issue numbers if available. Articles in magazines (7. 01. 7) Articles in newspapers (7. 01. 7) Ex Cortese, A. (1998, January 26). Theres more than one way to play monopoly. Business Week, 3562(1), 36. In-text citation (Cortese, 1998). Begin with the name of the author, if one is given, followed by the year, month, and day of publication. paginate numbers are introduced with p. (or pp. for multiple pages). Ex Haney, D. Q. (1998, February 20). Finding eats at mystery of appetite.The Oregonian, pp. A1, A17. In-text citation (Haney, 1998). 3. 5 Reference List ELECTRONIC SOURCES (Including Web sites, electronic books, Pro Quest, EBSCO host and other library databases) If you cannot find some of this information for your reference, cite what is available. Note The updated channellines for electronic sources state that the digital object identifier number (DOI) must be included if one is assigned. A DOI is a unique alphanumeric delineate assigned by a registration a gency to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the profit (American Psychological Association, 2010, 189).Note If a DOI is available, use it at the end of a citation. If it is not available, use the URL of the web site from which the information was retrieved. Note Retrieval dates are only inevitable if the information will prove difficult to find again due to revision (ex. Wikis). Note Titles of documents or articles are not in italics and only the first word is capitalized. Titles of journals and other periodicals are to be written in italics and all major words are capitalized. Titles of web sites are capitalized but not in italics. 11 Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of document. Retrieved from electronic addressEx Shiltz, T. (2002). Strategies for prevention and early intervention of male eating unhinges. Retrieved from http//nationaleatingdisorders. org/p. asp? WebPage_ID=286&Profile_ID= 41172 Web site (Not a periodical article) Articles f rom an online journal Articles from an online magazine U. S. government report from a government agency Web site An online video In text citation (Shiltz, 2002). Ex Butler, Heidi. (2009, November 19). Pennsylvania professor of the year. Retrieved from http//www. northampton. edu/Northampton- NOW/What-anHonor. htm In text citation When referring to a specific get together of nformation, include paragraph numbers in the reference. Use para. Example (Butler, 2003, paras. 2-3). Author(s). (Year of Publication). Title of article. Journal Title, Volume Number (Issue Number), pages if available. Retrieved from electronic address Ex Royce, W. S. , Gebelt, J. L. , & Duff, R. W. (2003). womanly athletes Being both athletic and feminine. Athletic Insight, 5(1), 5662. Retrieved from http//www. athleticinsight. com/VOL5Iss1/FeminineAthl etes. htm In text citation (Royce, Gebelt, & Duff, 2003). Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Volume Number (if given) (Is sue Number), page(s).Retrieved from electronic address. Ex Rauch, J. (2002, May). The marrying kind. The Atlantic Online, 289(5). Retrieved from http//www. theatlantic. com/issues/2002/05/rauch. htm In text citation (Rauch, 2002). Ex Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. (2002). ATF accountability report, 2001. Retrieved from http//www. atf. gov/pub/gen_pub/2001annrpt/fy2001an nrpt. pdf In text citation First citation (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms ATF, 2002). Second and subsequent citations (ATF, 2002). Ex Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch video recording file. Retreived from 2 http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vja83KLQXZs A blog post In-text citation (Norton, 2006). Ex Grohol, J. M. (2009, November 17). The psychology of terrorism Web log message. Retrieved from http//psychcentral. com/blog/ account/2009/11/17/thepsychology-of-terrorism/ In-text citation (Grohol, 2009). Author(s). (Year of publication). Title information abo ut format or version if available. doi or website that document was retrieved from. Online Book (E-Book) Ex Thompson, Art. (1997). The stompbox. Retrieved from http//www. netlibrary. com/ In text citation (Thompson, 1997). Ex Schinraldi, G. R. (2001).The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook A guide to healing, recovery, and growth Adobe Digital Editions version. doi 10. 1036/0071393722 In text citation (Schinraldi, 2001). 3. 6 Reference List MEDIA Single episode from television series Video Ex Astrof, J. & Ottesen, P. (Writers), & Burrows, J. (Director). (1994). The one with the blackout Television series episode. In K. B mighty, M. Kauffman, & D. Crane (Executive producers), Friends. Burbank, CA Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. In-text citation (Astrof, Ottesen, & Burrows, 1994). Ex Thomas, J. & McLaren, M. (Producers), & Linklater, R. (Director). (2006).Fast Food Nation DVD. Beverly Hills, CA 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. In-text citation (Thomas, McLaren, & Linklater, 2006). 13 3. 7 Reference List GENERAL REFERENCE DATABASES Please note The name of the database used and the date the article was retrieved is no longer needed. Including Britannica Online, Credo Reference, and Gale Virtual Reference Library Child care. (2001). In World of Sociology, Gale. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. com In text citation (Child care, 2001). Steinberg, Laurence. (2001). Parent-child relationships. In B. Strickland (Ed. ), The Gale cyclopedia of psychology (2nd ed. pp. 473477). Retrieved from http//go. galegroup. com In text citation (Steinberg, 2001) 3. 8 Reference List GENERAL SUBJECT DATABASES General reference format Author, A. A. , Author, B. B. , & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx, pp-pp. doi xx. xxxxxxxxxx Please note If there is not a digital object identification number (DOI), include the home page of the database in the reference. Use this format Retrieved from http//www Including Pro Quest Central and EBSCOhost Examples (without DOI) Edmondson, J. (2002). The will of the people. The Reading Teacher, 55(5), 452-454.Retrieved from http//proquest. umi. com In text citation (Edmondson, 2002). Saldinger, A. , Cain, A. , & Porterfield, K. (2003, Summer). Managing traumatic stress in children anticipating parental death. Psychiatry, 66(2), 168. Retrieved from http//proquest. umi. com In text citation First citation (Saldinger, Cain, & Porterfield, 2003). Subsequent citations (Saldinger et al. , 2003). Example (with DOI) Fox, K. , Gover, A. , & Kaukinen, C. (2009). The effects of low self-abnegation and childhood maltreatment on stalking victimization among men and women. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 34(3/4), 181-197. doi10. 007/s12103009-9064-4 In text citation (Fox, Gover & Kaukinen, 2009 14 3. 9 Reference List CURRENT/CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES DATABASES CQ Researcher Clemmitt, M. (2009, rattling(a) 28). Health-care reform. CQ Researcher, 19, 693-716. Retrieved from http//library. cqpress . com In-text citation (Clemmitt, 2009) (magazineIssues and Controversies) Child care. (2009, October 22). Issues and Controversies on charge up. Retrieved from http//www. 2facts. com In-text citation (Child care, 2009) Facts on File (magazineTodays Science) A change by reversal on reverse revolution? (2009, November). Todays Science. Retrieved from http//www. 2facts. comIn-text citation (A reverse on reverse revolution? , 2009) (World News Digest) Swine flu U. S. begins vaccinations. (2009, October 15). Facts on File World News Digest. Retrieved from http//www. 2facts. com In-text citation (Swine flu, 2009) Horrigan, J. B. (2003). The net profit fosters online communities. In J. D. millimeter of mercury (Ed. ), Current Controversies The Information Age (n. p. ). San Diego, CA parkhaven Press. Retrieved from http//find. galegroup. com In-text citation (Horrigan, 2003) Opposing Viewpoints ACLU urges Senate committee. (1999). In T. O Neill (Ed. ), Opposing Viewpoints Digests Seri es Biomedical Ethics (n. . ). San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press. Retrieved from http//find. galegroup. com In-text citation (ACLU urges Senate committee, 1999). Epstein, E. (2005, March 23). Left and right united to challenge Patriot form provisions. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A3. Retrieved from http//find. galegroup. com In-text citation (Epstein, 2005) 15 3. 10 Reference List SUBJECT-SPECIFIC DATABASES Access Science Ex Stack, S. M. & Anderson, L. K. Chromosome. doi10. 1036/1097-8542. 134900 In text citation (Stack & Anderson, 2000). The African American Experience Ex Loucky, J. , Armstrong, J. , & Estrada, L. J. (2006). Asylum.In Immigration in America today An encyclopedia (n. p. ). Westport, CT Greenwood Press. Retrieved from http//aae. greenwood. com In text citation (Loucky, Armstrong, & Estrada, 2006). Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of report (Accession No. xx). Location Publisher. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com Ex Unruh, D. , Bullis, M. , Todis, B. , Wa intrup, M. , Atkins, T. , & National Center on Secondary Education and Transition. (2007). Programs and practices for special education students in alternative education settings (Accession No. ED495869). Research to reading Brief 6(1). National Center on SecondaryEducation and Transition (NCSET), University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com ERIC First in text citation (Unruh, Bullis, Todis, Waintrup, Atkins, & National Center on Secondary Education and Transittion, 2001). Subsequent citations (Unruh et al. , 2001). Ex Dunlap, G. , & Bunton-Pierce, M. (1999). Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Accession No. Washington, D. C. Office of ED436068). superfluous Education and Rehabilitative Services (ED). Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com In text citation (Dunlap & Bunton-Pierce, 1999). 16 floor Databases US Ex OBrien, P. (2000).Viewpoint Yes, internment of Japanese Americans was necessary for national security because some of them were suspe cted of disloyalty (Document No. BT2306200089). In R. J. Allison (Ed. ), History in dispute Vol. 3. American social and political movements, 1900-1945. Farmington Hills, MI Gale. Retrieved from http//galenet. galegroup. com In-text citation (OBrien, 2000). Hoovers Online Ex Murray, B. (n. d. ). Just Born Inc. Retrieved from http//premium. hoovers. com In-text citation (Murray, n. d. ). CINAHL Ex Frame, K. (2003). Empowering preadolescents with ADHD Demons or delights (Accession No. 2003096143).Advances in Nursing Science 26(2), 131-139. Retrieved from search. ebscohost. com In-text citation (Frame, 2003). PsycArticles Ex Alderfer, C. P. (2003). The science and nonscience of Psychologists responses to The Bell Curve. Professional Psychology Research and Practice 34(3). 287-293. doi10. 1037/0735-7028. 34. 3. 287 In-text citation (Alderfer, 2003). PubMed Central Ex Weiss, M. , & Murray, C. (2003). Assessment and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Canadian checkup Association Journal 168(6). 715-722. Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov In-text citation (Weiss & Murray, 2003).Westlaw Campus Ex Lobel, J. (2002). The war on terrorism and civil liberties. University of Pittsburgh Law Review. Retrieved from http//campus. westlaw. com In-text citation (Lobel, 2002). 17 4 Referencing and Citation For Literature and Linguistics Reference citation in the text should be as follows. The citation should be as brief as possible while directing the reader to the correct reference. much than one author with same name Add the first initial (or full first name if initial is the same) (A. Patterson 183 L. Patterson 230) Two or three authors Give all author names (Rabking, Greenberg, and Olander sevensome) 4. 1Single author Simply use Name followed by any relevant page number (Marcuse 197) In text Tannen has argued this point (17885) More than three authors Follow the bibliographic entry (Lauter et al. 2425) or all last names if give n Books A Book by a Single Author Fukuyama, Francis. Our Posthuman Future Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution. New York Farrar, 2002. An Anthology or a Compilation Lopate, Phillip, ed. The Art of the Personal Essay An Anthology from the Graeco-Roman Era to the Present. New York Anchor-Doubleday, 1994. Spafford, Peter, comp. and ed. Interference The Story of Czechoslovakia in the Words of Its Writers.Cheltenham New Clarion, 1992. Two or More Books by the Same Author (Use three hyphens followed by period and then title, or comma and ed. if necessary) Borroff, Marie. Language and the agone Verbal Artistry in Frost, Stevens, and Moore. Chicago U of Chicago P, 1979. , trans. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. New York Norton, 1967. , ed. Wallace Stevens A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs Prentice, 1963. 18 A Book by Two or More Authors Eggins, Suzanne, and Diana Slade. Analysing Casual Conversation. London Cassell, 1997. If there are more than three authors, you may name only the first and add et al. and others), or you may give all names in full in the order in which they appear on the title page. Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley U of California P, 1993. Or Gilman, Sander, Helen King, Roy Porter, George Rousseau, and Elaine Showalter. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley U of California P, 1993. Repeat names in full if the same person is part of a different authorship. Do not use three hyphens unless the total authorship is the same A Book by a Corporate Author American Medical Association. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Charles B. Layman. New York Random, 1989.A Work in an Anthology Allende, Isabel. Toads Mouth. Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammock beneath the Mangoes Stories from Latin America. Ed Thomas Colchie. New York Plume, 1992. 8388. Often the works in anthologies have been published before. If you wish to inform your reader of the date when a previously published scrap other t han a scholarly article first appeared, you may follow the title of the piece with the year of original publication and a period. Franklin, gum benzoin. out-migration to America. 1782. The Faber Book of America. Ed. Christopher Ricks and William L. Vance. Boston Faber, 1992. 2426.An Article in a Reference Book Noon. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. Mohanty, Jitendra M. Indian Philosophy. The New Encyclopedia Britannica Macropaedia. 15th ed. 1987. An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword or an Afterword Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. Selected Poems, 19231967. By Borges. Ed. Norman Thomas Di Giovanni. New York Delta-Dell, 1973. xvxvi. If the introduction, preface, foreword, or afterword has a title, give the title, enwrap in 19 quotation marks, immediately before the name of the part. Brodsky, Joseph. poesy as a Form of Resistance to Reality. Foreword. Winter Dialogue .By Tomas Venclova. Trans. Diana Senechal. Evanston HydraNorthwestern UP, 1997. vii xviii. An Anonymous Book Encyclopedia of Virginia. New York some(prenominal)rset, 1993. A Translation Beowulf. Trans. E. Talbot Donaldson. Ed. Nicholas Howe. New York Norton, 2001. Hildegard of Bingen. Selected Writings. Trans. Mark Atherton. New York Penguin, 2001. A Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition Bondanella, Peter. Italian Cinema From Neorealism to the Present. 3rd ed. New York Continuum, 2001. A Multivolume Work Blanco, Richard L. , ed. The American Revolution, 17751783 An Encyclopedia. 2 vols. Hamden Garland, 1993.Crane, Stephen. The University of Virginia Edition of the Works of Stephen Crane. Ed. Fredson Bowers. 10 vols. Charlottesville UP of Virginia, 196976. If you are using one volume of a multivolume work state the number of the volume Lawrence, D. H. The Letters of D. H. Lawrence. Ed. pack T. Boulton. Vol. 8. New York Cambridge UP, 2000. A Book in a Series Neruda, Pablo. Canto General. Trans. Jack Schmitt. Latin Amer. Lit. and Culture 7. Berkeley U of California P, 1991. A Republished Book Atwood, Margaret. The Blind Assassin. 2000. New York Knopf-Random, 2001. A Book with Multiple Publishers Wells, H. G. The Time Machine. 895. London Dent Rutland Tuttle, 1992. A Government Publication Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. Dept. of the Environment, Transport, and the Regions. Our Countryside, the Future A Fair come for Rural England. London HMSO, 2000. New York State. Commission on the Adirondacks in the ordinal Century. The Adirondack Park in the Twenty-First-Century. Albany State of New York, 1990. 20 Poore, Benjamin Perley, comp. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Government Publications of the United States, September 5, 1774March 4, 1881. US 48th Cong. , 2nd sess. Misc. Doc. 67. Washington GPO, 1885.The Published transactions of a Conference Hualde, Jose Ignacio. Patterns of Correspondence in the Adaptation of Spanish Borrowings in Basque. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, February 1215, 1999 General academic session and Parasession on Loan Word Phenomena. Ed. Steve S. Chang, Lily Liaw, and Josef Ruppenhofer. Berkeley Berkeley Linguistics Soc. , 2000. 34858. Freed, Barbara F. , ed. Foreign Language accomplishment Research and the Classroom. Proc. of Consortium for Lang. instruction and Learning Conf. , Oct. 1989, U of Pennsylvania. Lexington Heath, 1991. An Unpublished utteranceBoyle, Anthony T. The epistemic Evolution of Renaissance Utopian Literature, 1516 1657. Diss. New York U, 1983. A Published Dissertation Dietze, Rudolf F. Ralph Ellison The Genesis of an Artist. Diss. U Erlangen-Nurnberg, 1982. Erlanger Beitrage zur Sprach- und Kunstwissenschaft 70. Nurnberg Carl, 1982. 4. 2 Journals and Newspapers An Article in a Journal with Continuous Pagination Hanks, Patrick. Do Word Meanings Exist? Computers and the Humanities 34 (2000) 20515. Mann, Susan. Myths of Asian Womanhood. Journal of Asian Studies 59 (2000) 83562. An Article in a Journal that pages each issue separatelyAlbada, Kelly F. The Public and Private Dialogue about the American Family on Television. Journal of Communication 50. 4 (2000) 79110. Some journals do not use volume numbers at all, number issues only. Treat the issue numbers of such journals as you would volume numbers. 21 An Article in a Newspaper Jeromack, Paul. This Once, a David of the Art World Does Goliath a Favor. New York Times 13 July 2002, late ed. B7+. cut back months as follows Jan. , Feb. , Mar. , Apr. , May, June, July, Aug. , Sept. , Oct. , Nov. , Dec. An Article in a Magazine Mehta, Pratap Bhanu. Exploding Myths. New nation 6 June 1998 1719.An Anonymous Article Dubious Venture. Time 3 Jan. 1994 6465. A Special Issue Perret, Delphine, and Marie-Denise Shelton, eds. Maryse Conde. Spec. issue of Callaloo 18. 3 (1995) 535711. Somin, Ilya. Do Politicians Pander? State Autonomy. Spec. issue of Critical Review 14. 23 (2000) 14755. A Legal Source New York Times Co. v. Tasini. No. 00- 201. irresponsible Ct. of the US. 25 June 2001. 4. 3 Electronic Publications Basic Entry Document from Internet Site Zeki, Semir. Artistic Creativity and the Brain. Science 6 July 2001 5152. Science Magazine. 2002. Amer. Assn. For the Advancement of Science. 24 Sept. 2002 . Entire Internet SiteElectronic Text Center. Ed. David Seaman. 2002. Alderman Lib. , U of Virginia. 19 June 2002 . Online Books Nagata, Linda. Goddesses. 2000. Scifi. com. 4 Oct. 2002 . Keats, John. Ode on a Grecian Urn. Poetical Works. 1884. Bartleby. com Great Books Online. Ed. Steven van Leeuwen. 2002. 5 May 2002 . United States. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and delinquency Prevention. Law Enforcement and Juvenile Crime. By Howard N. Snyder. Dec. 2001. 29 June 2002 . 22 Online Periodicals Butler, Darrell L. , and Martin Sellbom. Barriers to Adopting Technology for Teaching and Learning. Educause Quarterly 25. 2 (2002) 2228. Educause. Aug. 2002 . Publications on CD-ROM, Diskette or magnetic Tape It is important to state the publication medium as different formats may be different. Braunmuller, A. R. , ed. Macbeth. By William Shakespeare. CD-ROM. New York Voyager, 1994. E-mail Communication Harner, James L. E-mail to the author. 20 Aug. 2002. 23 5 Formatting and Presentation 5. 1 Page Size and Quality AA4 (A4-Fine paper) should be used for submission of proposal / synopsis. Minimum paper weight should be 80 grams. 5. 2 Page Setup / Margins At least 1? -1? inches (3. 17-3. 81cm) on the right-hand side, 3/4 1 inch (2 2. 54cm) at the bottom of the page, and about ? 0. 75 inches (1. 27 1. 90cm) at the outer edge. 5. 3 Page Numbering The beat position for the page number is at top-centre or top right ? inch (1. 27 cm) below the edge. Pages containing figures and illustration should be suitable paginated. 5. 4 Font New Times Roman font should be used throughout the proposal / synopsis. 5. 5 Font Size Title Page 22 (Bold) Chapter Titles 16 (Bold) Headings 14 (Bold) Sub He adings 12 (Bold) Text 12 Footnotes / End notes 10 Footnotes be given on the same page where reference is quoted 5. 6 Paragraph Setting Line spacing should be 1. 5 and all the paragraph should be justified (Ctrl + J).No tab is required at the starting of a new paragraph. Use one line space between paragraphs for differentiation. 5. 7 Number of Copies The students are required to ask 20 to 25 copies (as per coordinators directive) other than the win reduplicate, to be presented to Board of Advanced Studies and Research (BOASAR). 5. 8 Binding Only one master copy should be in tape binding with plastic cover and no need of binding for the rest of copies. 5. 9 Submission of wooly Copy of Proposal The students are required to send a PDF copy of their research proposal to the program coordinator on the following e-mail address emailprotected edu. pk 25 Research Proposal The Role of Contingency Employees in organisational Performance (A Case Study of Islamia College, Peshawar) By Nisar Muhammad M. S Management Sciences Student I. D 4818 Supervisor Dr. . Department of Management Sciences ________________________________________________________________ Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar. 26 Recommendation Sheet Certified that the research proposal of Mr / Ms. Your functionary Name, Student I. D 0000, with the title Research Title Bold,14pt, Title Case has been reviewed and recommended to be presented toBoard of Advance Studies and Research (BOASAR) for final review and approval. ______________________ Supervisor Dr 27 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Literature Review.. 3 3. Research Problem / Question.. .. 3 4. Research Objective 4 5. Hypothesis (Optional).. . 4 6. Methodology.. 4 7. Significance of the study 5 8. field and Limitations.. 6 9. References. 6 28 The Role of Contingency Employees in OrganizationalPerformance (A Case Study of Islamia College Peshawar) By Nisar Muhammad 1. Introduction The proposal should start w ith proper headings and sub-headings as per suggested standard format. 29 Student Profile Paste a mountain pass size e-photo here Name ____________________________ s/o _________________________________ Program _________________________ ID ____________________ carrel No _______________________ Land Line No ___________________________ Email ____________________________________ Educational qualification (Starting From the highest Degree) Certificate / Degree Year Division / GradeBoard / University Professional Experience S. No Organization Designation From To 1 2 3 4 Personal Statement (a short paragraph about yourself)____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ __________________________________ ______________________ (Signature of the student)