Consumerism in America

Consumerism is assumed to be the basic pattern for the modern modus vivendi in the USA. Some researchers even compargon it with a kind of whimsey. It is indispensable to explore the temper of this phenomenon, including its development and the contemporary situation. In addition, it is useful to beget a precise definition. Eventually, its consequences and effect are to be put nether analysis.Consumerism is multifaceted, resulting in a probatory influence on a transition of American life aspects. It is surely to moderate effects on a particular individual as well as on rescript as an entity. The ideologists of consumerism state that its principles are full(prenominal)ly beneficial for consumers. However, nowadays, the majority of books dedicated to disclosing the peculiarities of consumerism tends to incline to recognizing the preferably negative character of consumerism consequences for economy, social ethics and even environment etc.Though, the essence of the effects, es pecially, whether they are adverse or positive, of necessity a deep exploration. In America it seems that we are driven by the need to have much than could this need to have more be fueled by something other than our inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as mentioned in the constitution or, could this need be socially and, commercially driven.Consumerism essential at bottom certain conditions, predetermining the inevitable appearing of much(prenominal) a phenomenon. The industrial Revolution of the 1800s shifted the way of the economic history. For the very first time, it allowed products to be accessible in previously impossible huge quantities. Not to mention the event that the increase in return in the late nineteenth and earliest twentieth century resulted in growing markets. This meant expanding the consuming class distant beyond the middle and upper classes and to include the working classes (Beder, 2004). The population rate grow only thr ee times between 1860 and 1920 while the yield increased by 12to 14 times (Beder, 2004).The major industrial facilities tried to go with the times. That was the reason that back in 1910, Henry intersection instituted the line production system in his Highland Park, Michigan typeset (Chandler, 1976). In spite of the innovation being in particular shipway relatively unsophisticated, that was the moment of transformation of the U.S. capacity to produce (Ewen, 1976). In addition, the high level of products availability can be easily explained by rapid cost rate decrease. Moreover, the unrestricted access inseparablely resulted in the grow of the Mass Consumption era ( narration of American Consumerism).The mechanisms of large number production determined the need for markets to become more dynamic. These dynamic changes had to include miscellaneous aspects. Firstly, they needed to grow horizontally, meaning nationally, secondly, vertically (expanding into such social classes tha t were non previously among consumers), and, eventually, ideologically (Ewen, 1976). The population was forced to be habituated to give a response to the newly developed demands of productive machinery. The researchers emphasize that it was even a nationwide systematic plan aiming at providing the wide bay windowes with more buying power (Ewen, 1976).As the result, the system of consumer production was freely growing. The mass manufacturing business could non depend exclusively upon an elite market in site to respond to the productive capacity. Therefore, the products mass producer was forced to take into attachment the whole fall in States, ensuring the competitiveness with the other manufacturers by producing enough goods bill for reducing the cost to the sufficient rate (Ewen, 1976).Nevertheless, the philosophy of consumerism has at a lower placegone a human activity of changes. It was impose that multitude are al near obliged to obtain not only necessary goods, but al so pay special fear to the other factors. For instance, new model of a particular product has been considered to be more efficient, meaning the need for purchasing the latest configuration (History of American consumerism). Besides, the further changes touched the other criterion as people started buying newer models based on considerations about appearance. Nowadays, the companies tend to seek for increasingly sophisticated tricks in order to encourage consumers to get ridof the gaga product and buy the new one instead (History of American consumerism).According to Scott, human nature is more complex to control than a veridical one (Ewen, 1976). The adequate approach to distribution was and still is (to the significant extend) a guarantee for high level of efficiency and profitability. Therefore, it was a necessity to realize an ideological link narrowing the prejudices and covering the traditional social gaps in needs, class, taste or region. advertise has become an inherent part of mass distribution within industries. Marketing professionals use advertisements in order to encourage, or even force people to strive to purchasing certain goods, offset with small, relatively cheap items and ending with luxurious houses and cars.Advertising is a legal hammer for manipulating the consciousness of consumers. The camp of advertisement supporters claim that it plays a positive piece by providing people with essential information. Though, such statement is quite controversial. Advertising along with mass media industry in general have do a considerable contribution into evolution certain rules or norms of wasting disease within the American hunting lodge. Such norms depict the sufficient for high received of living level of consumption.The influence of consumerism concept is in the progress of perpetual increasing and expanding. The parallels with religious beliefs powerfulness be quite reasonable within analyzing the issue. Consumerism has become an i nherent part of the contemporary lifestyle. It is worth noticing that alike as the belief consumerism is ephemeral and intangible, still people can perceive its effects in everyday life. It is arguably, but it might be referred as the righteousness of 20th and 21st centuries (Miles, 1998). To support this statement, Miles emphasizes that it apparently enters the day-to-day life, structuring everyday stimulate (1998, p.1). Moreover, it is rapidly altering the forms and reasserting the influences in the new spheres (Miles, 1998).Consumerism is the concept depicting the belief that happiness and upbeatdepends to a significant degree of personal consumption. Basically, it sum that purchasing certain material goods is likely to increase the level of bliss with life. The idea includes several layers firstly, well-being depends on the standard of living, secondly that the bring up satisfaction in life is centered in consumption and pigheadedness of material goods benefit. Consuming as an activity has become one of the most valuable and worth spending time and resources. The principles of consumerist society are developing around the idea of the increasing necessity to consume.This statement can be easily paraphrased into an elementary formula the more you consume, the better it is for you. To add to the point, the United States is the highly developed country, meaning that the consumerist society evolved to the hyper-consumerist society. The supporting facts are sure to be found in everyday life. The Americans are loosely obsess with the idea of buying things beyond their basic needs. Certain elements of luxury have gained the perception of necessary for happiness and sufficient standard of life. Moreover, cities are modify into the centers of consumerism religion. Shopping malls provide people with the enormous measurement of mostly useless goods.The lifestyle dictated by the consumerism concept brings about a variety of adverse effects. It is reasonable to start with the consequences for an individual. Consumerism might dislodge more valuable thing from the life of Americans. People are mostly intemperate on owning money in order to satisfy the needs imposed by advertisement, mass media industry and the consumerist society in general. The ethical and spectral part of life, along with socializing might draw back. Moreover, the consumerist society norms might be considered as those restricting the individual freedom to a significant degree. The proclaimed standards engage in bringing to life particular patterns associated with well-being and happiness of the people within a certain framework.In addition, more ball-shaped long-term consequences refer to frugal, social and environmental spheres. For example, environmental sustainability is put under jeopardy as the consumerism stimulates people to buy even bigger quantity of new goods, get rid ofanother enormous quantity, meaning that the nature might not be capable of overcoming t he severe effects of consumerist society lifestyle. Not to mention the fact that manufacturing of certain products needs the nonrenewable natural resources utilizing. The economical layer is also essential as the credit cards and loans, providing the members of consumerist society with an ability to keep up with the prescribed standards, contributed to the development of the economical crisis and credit crunch.Eventually, the conducted research has shown that consumerism is not as beneficial as the mass media industry tends to depict it. Consumerism might be reduced to the concept that unvarying and increasing consumption of goods is a guarantee for happiness and well-being. The development of such a concept was inevitable due to the economical conditions that started with the Industrial Revolution. The manufacturers are interested in profit growth, it results in a variety and diverseness of marketing tricks aimed at stimulating the buyers will and power to consume. Though, the c onsumerist society create the adverse effects of individual and global character.

Evaluating the Research Process Essay

Remote communities face several(prenominal) challenges concerning wellness c atomic number 18. For instance, communication with wellness business professionals, transferral, availability of doctors, and shortage of doctors. literary works revue to identify and review new methods of improving access to wellness, persona of care, and improving the effectiveness of delivering health care go in extraneous Alaskan villages. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases that index health research were used along with Artic health databases. Abstracts and full articles were reviewed and categorized into four sections. Organizational structure of health services, Telehealth, E-health, and medical deificationation. Despite the challenges facing countrified and remote regions, there is a clearly positive message from this broad literature review.Evidence-based initiatives exist across a range of areas which include working(a) ability and integration, access to care, compositional structu re, reality health, continuing education and workforce composition that have the potential drop to positively impact health care quality and health-related outcomes (Masucci, Mitton, & Dionne, 2011). The literature review did non identify any past research associated with new ideas to improve access, quality, and efficiency in the organizational structures and deliverance of health care services in Yankee rural and remote and rural populations. This review was directed toward the redesign of health care systems in Nunavut territory in Canada.When conducting research in an academic or professional setting, it is all-important(a) to display ethical obligation throughout the research psychoanalyze. For instance, interrogationers conducting the study and collecting data should obtain licence from individuals who are involved in the study in any way. Researchers essential ensure subjects involved in the study are not in any physical or emotional harm, such as asking difficult questions or using insensitive words. One very important consideration for researchers to remember when conducting any form of data collection is to be sure to maintain their own personal biases and opinions so they do not get in the way of the research. Research such as questionaries or observations should be conducted under the assumption that findings are kept anonymous. It is important to let the research subject know whether the research results willing be anonymous or not.Research subjects should be chosen based on what and who will be most beneficial tothe research. And last, when reporting results from the research study the results must be accurately represented from what he or she was told or what you observed. For example, do not discuss parts of observations without putting them in appropriate context. Research has tack that telehealth and ehealth has been effective in providing information of health professions with educational opportunities to in these rural popula tions that would not have been provided without telehealth and ehealth. Therefore, telehelath and ehealth system have a operative impact on improving access and quality care. The research withal identified the use of medical direct transport when needed services are not available as well as transportation to and from rural and remote regions.The study affirmed the importance of medical tonal pattern travel transport in rural and remote regions while indicating such concerns are not unusual. Second, there are no evidence-based guidelines indicating which services to provide in local regions as opposed to having access by medical air transport or procedures in selecting which patients to select for emergency are transported. presently no framework exists to determine the over or underutilization of medical air transport. Researchers found that the regions with the largest potential impact in remote regions are domain health where several programs have been implemented, and anal yzed indicating high degree of success. For example, health promotion programs such as alcohol and smoking cessation, obesity, exercise, dental care, hygiene, and suicide prevention. The literature strongly indicates these programs have positive impacts.Therefore, the regions in the research study have opportunity to improve the delivery and organization structure of health care services. This particular research study was not a domineering review. According to Masucci, Mitton, and Dionne (2011) The purpose of the article was not to find literature on a wide range of topics but rather to find emblematical articles that could speak to the topics at hand. However, the caution is that while we attempted to provide some(prenominal) sides of any given story, in some qualitys important papers may have been missed which could suggest important alternative courses of action. (p. 470). The research aggroup relied on an advisory board that gave advice on their work. Review of only foun d positive solutions in which history politics, structures, and behavior contribute to improvement the make factor is action ability. This information will be crucial to enhancing care in the targeted regions as well as otherremote and rural regions nationwide.The research study identifies several challenges that blue rural remote regions face. The literature review found several evidence based initiative from operational efficiency, integration, applying telehealth, applying ehealth, organizational structure, public health, continuing education, and workforce composition have potential to have a positive impact on health outcomes in rural and remote northern regions. The only area of research that indicated not to have a positive impact was medical air transport indicating further research is needed. The research study has provided an extensive survey from literate regarding innovations in the organizational structure and delivery of health serveries in northern rural and remote regions.This study did not find any conflicts of come to regarding the improvement of health care in these rural and remote regions. specialised ideas and strategies found to improving access, quality, and efficiency in the organization structure and delivery of health care services in rural and remote northern regions are palliative model, which performed most effective for patients on weekly case conferences, on-call nursing, patient held records, shared protocols, and procedures. ReferenceMasucci, L., Mitton, C., & Dionne, F. (2011). ) Innovations in health service organization and delivery in northern rural and remote regions a review of the literature. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 70(5), 460-472.

High School Dropouts Reflection Essay

I imagine the declinationout rate is so mellow because, as stated in the article High School Dropouts Costly to American Economy, the teachers dont c atomic number 18, the school-age childs dont cargon. I believe that lack of interest on some(prenominal) the students and the teachers agency impacts whether a student might drop out. I also believe that factors like, problems at home, blustering(a) at school, etc., also plays an enormous role on the results stated in the articles. Knowing that one of the main reasons of having a job includes, earning money, it leads me to assume that those who drop out do not want to earn less, or be among the 12% of jobless case-by-cases that do not have a gritty school diploma. Furthermore, I believe that it is evident that a high outcome or drop outs implies that there are alpha factors behind what causes an individual to decide to drop out of high school.Looking at the statistics that dropouts comprise tax fall iners $8 billion annually , and $300 billion dollars in earnings are lost every year due to the lessening in pay of those who do not have a high school diploma, has direct me to believe that our state/federal government should eliminate the option of move out of high school. It makes no sense that they have not through with(p) so, seeing that they have the right, and it is within their power and right to do so.Also, aft(prenominal) seeing the statistic that the incarceration rates were 63 times higher among high school drop outs within the ages of 16 and 24, and in an effort to sour two problems the number of kids that drop out of high school and kids who are behind bars, I believe there should be a greater effort to achieve mass awareness about the negative make of dropping out of high school early, the aforementioned(prenominal) magnitude as the programs and advertisements on breast cancer, and the effects of smoking cigarettes. This plan, although costly, would in turn decrease the amount of high school dropouts, people behind bars, and jobless individuals in this nation.Pre lookntial Election ReflectionI believe that out of the louver factors listed in the article, the debates are the most serious. I believe the debates are important because it allows you to look at each candidate side by side and hear not only their plan on how they plan on turning the economy around, creating jobs, and leading this country on a channel that will allow us to decrease this nations debt exclusively also to see each candidates tactics on using the opposing opponent words or ideas to bash/ or blatantly state why they are wrong. I also believe it is important because you get to actually hear their own words and beliefs, unrehearsed, without a teleprompter, and without being warped in the game of telephone by kind media and propaganda.I think that the presidential debates are more important than the electoral map, because the electoral map for the most part generally stays the correspondin g and predictable. The ads and messages used to attack the other candidate, or twist the words of some other candidate in my opinion are effective, but very childish, immature, and not anything I would imagine a president taking a part of. Propaganda is a very effective way of spreading a message, and getting everyones attention, so its also important, although not in the same way as the debates are.In my opinion, money is the second most important part of the presidential race. The amount of money a party raises, shows how lots they are supported. In the article, it states that the Republican Party presidential committees had about $186 cardinal on hand, compared with about $124 million for Mr. Obama and the Democrats. This shows how both each candidate is supported.I actually have watched one of the debates, as an extra credit denomination for U.S History, and I thought that the debate was interesting, and I liked how the debate was particularize up.

The Family

In our country, Egypt, work, studies, and family life have a spacious impact. In our culture earlier, it was all about family life. Staying with the family, taking c atomic number 18 of separately other, spend sequence with each other, work together in the family business. still nowadays studies and work have become a crucial even in our life.People are more foc enjoymentd on their life history and less focused on their expending age with their family. People are becoming career conscious and pauperism to achieve more and more in their life and never want to stop dreaming and chasing their goals. Children want good studies so a large number of students are spending a large amount of money to study in opposite countries because its very hard to get scholarships from the country.For work, they are spending more time on their work rather than spending some quality time with their friends and family since the work pressure is increasing, so the desire to make money is commenc ement ceremony and foremost among people. But in reality there should be a total balance of the studies, work and family time, people should complete their studies first so that they can do the work in which they are interested in. on with that, they should spend some quality time with their friends and family.My personal emphasize lies in the study, work, and family life in that order. I want to develop my skills by perusal computer science. Education is really important for me. I need to suit myself with competitive computer skills. As a result, I would have a higher chance to get a Promising future. After graduation, I would have more chances for interviews offered by promising companies.As a new student, I got full support from my family. They inspire me to make good use of my time and earn a degree online. Im thankful for their support and redeing. I might not be spending time with my parent as often as before but they know Ive been doing. I wont let them down and do my jo b well.If I cannot make someone understand what Im doing, Ill choose to avoid confrontation with that person. Later, when I get some achievements, I will explain them and express my thoughts to them again. In this case, what I said may be more convincing so that they can understand the determine of the things that I was doing.

The More Effective ICT Management Education Essay

Nowadays, most instructs ar increasing involved in the physical exertion of teaching and Communication engineer ( ICT ) in their curriculum line environment. The more than effectual ICT oversight is the more benefits that the disciples, the module and the house breastfeeds receive from its ICT investing. double-u Moreton Anglican College is the school supplying move cathexis services to its pupils. The Information and Communication engineering science arm focuses on the more specific ICT degree that the pupils learn about ICT piece of land usage, societal issues and computer programing evaluates and modifies the ICT Information Processing and technology ( IPT ) and Information Technology Systems Programs ( ITSP ) to guarantee the uphill engineerings and future exercises of our society are met.The intent of this news report is to supply the data about the systematic procedure of ICT resultion based on the IT cornerstone Ecosystem at atomic number 74 Moreton Anglican College. In reparation the study, the reading is gather largely from via electronic mail to interview the Information and Communication Technology Department, West Moreton Anglican College s News, though information from the web sites and school text edition was besides utilized. The analysis takes into history the administration construction, environment, nature, policies and its engineering. The information is presented in 3 bundles which are Management deductions, Organizational issues and Technology facets.The study is prompt based on the demand of IT Infrastructure Ecosystem of the West Moreton Anglican College and ejaculation of the analytical procedure of why the Cloud Computing is of import for the College and what benefits the school could obtain from Big Data.As puting in its IT substructure, the College updates the current package and hardware, which are including a complete waiter refresh and migration to Windows 7 and Microsoft Office. The college starts to utilize the informations 3 of Cloud Computing, it s the clip to allow the pupils go to the cloud , and the pupils could be able to launching their school assignments easy from their ain place ain computer, West Moreton Anglican College s Personal computer and their iPad that is besides pleasant to the instructors to fix the lessons, whenever they want. Additionally, the College launched its ain i catch App available on iTunes that gives pupils and instructors instant, unafraid entree to information including their timetable, periodic notices, appraisal and jaunt calendars and College events calendar. This session revisits cardinal determinations that were required to be made in order to back up this enterprise, hazards identified, obstructions, benefits to pupils and instructors and a human face toward the following few old ages of this on-going enterprise.West Moreton Anglican College launched the Technology and Information Services Strategy which are integrating Digi tal Teaching and Learning. The invention has been supported by practical, collaborative infinites utilizing Edublogs, Facebook and Twitter. The pupils can post their noticing about school. This could support the school might pick up the issues and protecting the college s value and supplying a quality experience for the pupils and promotes.1. IntroductionInformation and communication engineering ( ICT ) becomes more of import portion of school motion exponentially. It is classic that organisations know how to supply gritty-performance platforms for facultys work loads, schoolroom direction, information analysis, reading modeling and visual image, pull offing research, convenient cooperation amongst the co-worker, and quislingism across multiple school. Most school usage ICT in their culture environment, nevertheless they can non maximise the benefits to execute their business organisation undertakings expeditiously and efficaciously. I am traveling to place the West M oreton Anglican College sustainable usage the information and communicating engineering to accomplish the operating of instruction aims. This study is being produced to supply the information of how to heighten and use in the direction of its IT Infrastructure engineering, and urge a scheme to assist school program to leverage Big Data to accomplish its singular instruction operation aim.1.1 Background of West Moreton Anglican CollegeWest Moreton Anglican College is possess and operated by the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane. The College was established on 31 January 1994, from an initial white plague of 225 kids takement to about 1600 pupils the College has a staff of 104 ample-time learning staff and 49 administrative and addendum staff and it is located on a semi-rural campus of 38 hectares in Ipswich.1.2 The services of West Moreton Anglican CollegeCo-educational environment of West Moreton Anglican College consists of Senior, Middle and junior(a) Schools and Community Kind ergarten, the college besides opens International pupils programme.1.3 The missionary work of West Moreton Anglican CollegeWest Moreton Anglican College s mission to the pupils, harmonizing to the genuinely first prospectus, is to develop the balanced, to the full rounded and motivated persons who can wangle their maximal possible intellectually, socially, culturally, physically and emotionally let each pupil to prosecute single excellence.West Moreton Anglican College besides promises to parents is that their kids will take up a quality instruction at an low-cost monetary value.The College s slogan is Faith, Knowledge, Service.1.4 The Structure of West Moreton Anglican CollegeWest Moreton Anglican College has a staff of 104 full-time learning staff and 49 administrative and accessory staff.The West Moreton Anglican College Council is responsible for pull offing the personal businesss of the College and administrate its concerns and public assistance.The principal, in concurre nce with the school Council, makes the executive determinations that govern the school, any bit good as holding the authorization over the avocation of instructors. The Principal has a Senior Administration Team of 12 members. They are Principal-self, Deputy principal, Head of Senior School, Head of Middle School, Head of Junior School, Business Manager, theatre director of Curriculum, Director of Technology & A Information Services, Director of International Programs, Director of Sport & A Extra Curriculum Activity, These section are support in the countries of course of study, human resource direction, trigger direction, finance, and selling and development.As the College has three sub-schools every school severally regulate up of Head, Deputy Head and Receptionist. Head and Deputy Head direct staff with the support of five House Coordinators and single coachs. As the College is Christian Living, a Chaplain brooks pastoral attention and nurtures the religion of the Colleg e friendship as a whole.The academic plan has offerings in Agricultural Studies, Art, RAVE ( Religious and value command ) , Drama, side, Health and Physical Education, Information Communication Technology, languages other than English ( Nipponese and Mandarin Chinese ) , Mathematics, Music, Science and Social Science.The ICT section of the College provide services to every section of the college. It is every bit important as its services cover the whole school.1.5 West Moreton Anglican College StrategyBettering the manner we do things and raising the outlooks of and criterions for our community.preparation plans that are antiphonal to student demands, sustainable and optimise pupil accomplishment.Constructing a civilization of high pupil accomplishmentPrioritisation and rationalization of plans to let for effectual resourcing to enable single excellence property and prolonging a antiphonal and effectual pastoral attention planTransforming our community through religion, service and acquisition.Empowering personsMaking a sense of belonging past and nowadaysBing unfastened to possibilities and unfastened to alterIntegrating religion and societal justnessRaising our repute and edifice relationships so as to attach registrations and beef up our community.Bing recognised in the wider community for our cardinal strengthsEnhancing our link up in the local communityIncreasing registrations to develop waiting lists modify selling through word of oral cavity Strengthening our holistic attack to instructionExpand our market incursion intoAttracting, retaining and developing high quality staff.Developing staff who are advanced, committed and professionalbetter communicating within and across the administrationStrengthening our HR abilityCommittedness to targeted, value-add professional development new catchment countriesRe-engineering our work flows and patterns to derive greater efficiencies and effectivity.Credence by staff of increased personal and group answ erableness for efficiency and effectivityImproved client satisfaction through concern procedure efficaciousnessBettering engineering competency by College staff to roll into the challenges of this precedenceSupplying resources appropriate to our market places that are aligned to hold plans and precedences.All plans are suitably housed and resourced ( purpose built )Facilities and resources match or exceed market ( client ) outlookOur beacon plans are showcased and admit by the wider communityAll plans supported by appropriate, modern-day engineeringGuaranting long-run pecuniary sustainability.Debt reduced to degrees that allow for extra capital overstatementAppropriately resource the enterprises contained within this programImproved pupil results Heightened parent satisfaction Enhanced staff battle Long term fiscal stableness.1.6 The West Moreton Anglican College s relationship with external entitiesWest Moreton Anglican College has strong support programme to the Australia De fence Families. The College has a Defence transition Mentor who faces the pupils of Middle pupil and besides has a Defence exit Mentor who coordinates at Junior School. They assist Defence Families, peculiarly during passages between schools and during parental absence.As the West Moreton Anglican College is the largest supplier of Vocational Education and Training ( VET ) plans in Queensland, the College builds a steadfast partnership with the orphic sector, which allows pupils to take part in employment 1 twenty-four hours a hebdomad while deriving a nationally recognised making, typically Certificate II or III. This typical relationship with external entities is brilliant tools to assist ease pupils crap a smooth passage to full clip employment in an of all time altering environment.1.7 West Moreton Anglican College s web sitewww.wmac.com.au2. The IT InfrastructureAs the divided up engineering of the elements, IT substructure provides the platform within a school s peculiar information system applications. It enables instructors, pupils and school staffs to entree a full(a) scope of maps, services, larning tools and digital information resources which support instruction, larning and school disposal. IT substructure includes hardware, package and services. The whole College portions this engineering, which provides the maps for leaving the cognition, pupils information engineering ability preparation, and the school daily service. Harmonizing to the text edition Laudon and Laudon 12th edn p.206 , the IT substructure of the West Moreton Anglican College is typically composed by seven major of interrelated engineering constituents.2.1 information processing system Hardware PlatformsWest Moreton Anglican College is taking the instruction sector s engineering revolution by making an Australian first iPad app that places hypercritical information at pupils fingertips. The current version of the WestMAC app provides pupils with instant entree to day- to-day notices, timetables, assessment calendars, jaunt inside informations and other of import College information.WestMAC Director of Technology and Information Services Tricia OKeeffe said pupils are better prepared when they pay off at the College and are more likely to concentrate and concentrate in category as a consequence of holding entree to the app. Supplying pupils and staff with instant entree to reliable, quality information translates into giving them the take on to do quality determinations, Ms OKeeffe said. She said the first version of the app was launched to pupils in early 2011 and the 2nd version, which introduces characteristics including on-line research databases, assignment assistants and cyber-safety resources, would be launched in the approaching hebdomads. Students in all sub-schools at the College including Junior School ( training to Year 6 ) , Middle School ( Years 7 to 9 ) and Senior School ( Years 10 to 12 ) all have entree to the app and can en tree it on their ain personally owned nomadic device. WestMAC pupils in Years 11 and 12 can entree the app via the iPad provided to them via the Federal Government s National Secondary School data processor Fund as portion of WestMAC s Mobile Learning Device Strategy. Students from Prep to Year 10 besides have entree to iPads during schoolroom activities. WestMAC Principal Geoff McLay said the College has embraced engineering as a agency of fixing pupils for the existent universe as they progress through their surveies and onto third instruction and employment. It is critical that we provide our pupils with learning resources that equip them with the accomplishments and tools they need to win both during their school old ages and beyond, Mr McLay said. The 2nd version of the WestMAC app will further develop our pupils self-denial and clip direction accomplishments, every bit good as supplying instant entree to planetary on-line resources to heighten larning results, he said.

Promote Person Centred Approaches Essay

1.1 Person centred planning (PCP) should wrap up every aspect of a service substance absubstance absubstance abusers survive. Effective PCP is designed to en certain that the single(a)s engages ar al counsellings interchange when creating an effective support plan. Aspects such(prenominal) as an individuals ends, history, communication requirements, analogouss, dislikes and psycheal preferences should exclusively be dutifull incorporated to create a fair, effective and unique c be plan. For pillowcase, we have to respect the choices of the drug user. If the spiritual believes could appear non fit for us, doesnt mean that we are right and they are wrong. We convey to do everything we batch for help to promote adequate and good care for this user respecting their choices, independence and privacy.1.2 The Care Plan is our bible. It provide all the information we need to provide the carethat the Users desire. The psyche is at the centre of our cultivate, this mean we ne ed plan and let the person to maintain their item-by-item. Care Plans need to be review regularly to fulfil the individuals needs.Using effective care plans that buzz off to person centres values provides the service user the chance to create a plan that it directly linked to their values and needs. Nobody likes to feel as though a generic method of care is applied when considering his or her support needs. Everyone is unique with requirements that relate exclusively to them 2.3 It is meaning(a) to remain whippy when considering a service users support needs. An individual will ever so be changing and growing so it is weighty that this is reflected within their care plan.For exercise when I have previously supported NP goals relating to his ability to impr everyplace confidence whilst wal kinfolkg outside had to be met in a appearance that made the goal attainable. At first a goal of independent walking had been included within his IPP however any strict contingent as to why and how this were to be most effectively achieved had to be assessed whilst communication with him during our 11 support sessions. It turned out hat this goal was advised so that he could gain the confidence to go to work independentlywithout the need to get a life from his relative. As we would ordinarily visit the supermarket we created a method whereby the journey to the local supermarket was broken into segments where he would walk independently, slowly managing a further and further distance each week.Had I said that he should walk the entire journey by himself without breaking it cut into manageable steps this goal would have not been completed. Therefore the effective completion of this goal was only attained with the needs of the individual macrocosm met on a personal take. 3.1 affable capacity can be a complicated and ever adapting benchmark when assessing a persons ability to do what is best for themselves. raft must forever and a day be allowed to make mist akes as this will always be an inalienable human right of any individual. Ensuring that people do not put themselves or anyone else in directand immediate hazard is the reason behind why the mental capacity act has been created.Factors such as anxiety and tiredness can affect an individuals ability to convey consent which is reflective of their true needs. When a care plan is created it is always best to do it at a condemnation and place where a service user feels relaxed and able to express their needs in a manner that is in alignment with their true feelings. For example at conviction times when I have supported ES he has been unable(p) to convey a true account of his feelings due to being nauseated at the time. If this is the case it is best for ES to spend some time doing relaxation exercises so that he can effectively billeticipate in the design of his IPP.3.3 For example when we admin Medications Stop any other activities we are doing, incumbrance and read all the info rmation we have (care plan, MAR chart, blister use up ) Log in the LogBook. If anything happen, report immediately to line manager, inform the user and report it in the LogBook.If consent cannot be readily established an sound judgment of the persons capacity would need to be carried out. Firstly it would have to be considered that the individual understands what they are being asked to do, why they are being asked to do it and to what the concequences of theirchoices whitethorn be.It is worth considering if they are relaxed, tired or preoccupied at this time. It can be beneficial to implement relaxation exercises to try and calm d possess a service user or even getting in touch with their family to ensure that their needs are fully met. If they are place themselves or anyone else in immediate danger it can at points be necessary to contact emergency services depending on the severity of the situation. unless this should always remain a the last option available when difficult to diffuse a situation.4.1 Encouraging people to do as more(prenominal) as possible for themselves , settings goals and task. Listening and ack forthwithledging someone strengths and weakness. Allow individuals time to conceptualize and evolve in what they want to do. Recognising achievements however big or comminuted they have made. If they cannot understand or make decisions by their self, the next of kin will be informed and asked. The order usually is spouses, parents, children (this may change)5.3 adventure assessments are a vital part to an individuals care plan. It ensures that they will not be putting themselves or anyone else in danger. Whilst being an important part of any care plan they should remain as non invasive as possible to ensure that a service users retains the right to make their own choices.Certain endangerment assessments will contain a higher risk positionor than others. It is when risks such as crossing road in a dangerous manner are enacted that the service users choice can wrench secondary to the fact that they are putting themselves in immediate danger. adventure factors such as ones that relate to dietary factors often have a smaller risk factor making it more possible to fully involve the service user in the decision making cognitive operation when trying to effectively manage the risk in question. 5.4 Ensuring they have the remunerate information and know when these decision were made on their behalf. Inform them of the rights that they have. Assisting on searching of more information which that may help them make their decisions. If they wouldlike to make a complaint, inform them the Company policy and help them inmaking the complaint if necessarily6.1 Personal personal identity is the way we actualize our self and is related to our self image. This is important be micturate it we will affect the way we feel rough our self ( self esteem )Personal Identity includesWho we areWhat make us uniqueWhat are our values s omatic identity Internal Identity Personals Goals6.2 Those can be very antithetical for diametric reasons but everyone can reach a good level of fulfilment. For someone could be physical or mental wellness. Is important that everyone knows this fact because will improve well-being and therefore our level or care. For example one person is important be eating a health meal or for another is not important. Or for an individual is important go to church but for other is more appealing reflection a TV show.6.3 When supporting an individual it is important to make sure that you can meet their needs in a way that promotes their whizz of identity, self-image and self-esteem. When I have supported MC he has explained about how he has felt unfairly treated at work. This was mainly due to his drop of career progression as well a request for a transfer not being met, although having been promised. To help with this we constructed an information leaflet about his condition, which we gave t o his employers so that they were fully aware of how to best interact with him. I as well started communicating with his employer about getting a transfer to a branching that was closer to where he lived. As a result of this he has now been transferred closer to where he lives as well as feeling more valued as an employee. This has helped with develop his self-identity and self image through an change magnitude sense of self worth as well as component part to improve his self-esteem.7.1 A Risk Assessment will be do depending on the circumstances and surrounding. Like if the user live in the partnership or live in a care home. The risks are different in those scenarios and different actions need to be taken for make the vivacious area safe. Risk assessments help decipher whether an individual needs 11 support or 21 support. They can in addition allow healthcare professionals to implement safeguarding techniques to guarantee that the service user will not come into harm. This can include procedures such as giving individuals location devices if they are prone to wondering of whilst not being fully aware of their actions amongst many other advantageous practices to ensure the individuals safety.7.2 The conclusion of risk assessment is to eliminate any risk that may cause harm or loss to both service user and carer worker. However, in relation to the service user is important to remember their human rights are respected. For example the right to choose.If they are assessed also for a Mental health Capacity and the outcome show that they are able to decide they are allow to make unwise or eccentric decisions.However it is important to identify the risk or possible outcomes, inform the Service User which will support to make a decision that will perchance involve taking some risks.7.3 Everyones circumstances could change over time in better or worse. Is important to identify any furthers changes or risks so the care plan can reflect the person immediate needs. likewise people opinions and what they wants may change. Is important to keep the person centred care approach in mind all the times and during reviews. Also keep in mind our duty of care.the goal of effective support is help empower service users to the point where they feel able to wind an independent and rewarding life. As this is the goal of any support provider they must be aware that for one to achieve this they need to pack to manage the risks that they are subjected to in an independent manner. Therefore as a person grows and develops towards a heightened state of independence it is important to let them take control of their own lives and that means realising that risks that they may have formerly make up a threat to their well being will be pull away as they will know how to autonomously manage these hazards themselves.

Compare & Contrast Woodchucks and Traveling Through the Dark Essay

Max Kumins , Woodchucks provides an interesting and creative perspective Into the mind defer of those influenced by Nazi warf are. What begins as a seemingly Humorous range and mouse hunt, soon develops into an insatiable lust for blood. However, Traveling by dint of the opprobrious by William Stafford, presents an innocent soul lost by the unawareness of piece and the death of an unborn innocent.Both Kumins and Staffords descriptive row and all overall piece of music provides the reader postingh the insight necessary to understand to the utterers psychology as they are driven beyond the boundaries of passivism and genocide. The verse Woodchucks indeed has a rhyme scheme, yet doesnt conform to conventional forms of rhyme , each stanza seems to follow the erect of A, B, C, A, C, B, which may not be apparent to the reader at kickoff, but doesnt thwart the songs effectiveness. The kickoff stanza begins with the speaker describing their failed attempt at eliminating th e pests.The first attempt was described as merciful The Knockout bomb swot up. However, the following lines offer a bit of humor to the chase as it seems the woodchuck has outsmarted the speaker as a result of their overconfidence and the nerve we had against them was airtight, two exits shoehorned shut with puddingstone, but they had a sub-sub-basement out of range. This first stanza sets the stage for what would appear to be a humorous battle of wits between the speaker and the woodchucks.While in Traveling through the Dark consist of no rhyme scheme, and follows a contemplative tone, that haps from the ending of life and death, which sets the moods of the poem include sadness, despair. The following stanza continues in this vein with the misanthropical statement, Next morning they turned up again, no worse for the nitrile than we for our cigarettes and state-store Scotch, all of us up to scratch. However, those that follow are easy indicative of the speakers mental deter ioration.The statements of the food being eaten by the woodchucks are filled with bitterness as the language begins to resemble that of a killer. They brought down the marigolds as a matter of course and then took over the vegetable patch nipping the broccoli shoots, beheading the carrots. This is especially distinct in the reference to the carrots being beheaded which provides an appropriate transition into the succeeding(a) stanza. On the other hand Staffords poem uses the use of poetic language, like alliteration, and imagery in order to convey the disheartening emotions that come with being forced to make a life threatening decision.The poem by Stafford, Traveling through the Dark presents readers with an uncomfortable and rather risque instance of the intersection of the natural world and that of man. Technology, in this case cars and the unreal road, are seen as something invasive and harmful in this poem. In order to convey the meaning of the poem Traveling through the D ark by William Stafford uses a conversational style to communicate the theme in the poem of the role of technology in modern life and , more importantly, the theme of man versus nature becomes apparent.Then again Kumin presents a sense of sympathetic behavior vs. animal behavior in a way that allows the symbolic representation of World War II to come through. Through out the poems, both poets not only convey an everyday scene into an vestigial theme, by the use of figurative language and the selection of words and phrases. Common themes of the poems are life, death, and conflicting forces lie in each poem. Both poets allow for an underlying theme to be portrayed in a way that reflects on the original scene of the poem.

Lifestyle Diseases Essay

In 1900, the top three causes of death, intercontinental were Influenza/pneumonia, Tuberculosis, and Diarrhea/enteritis. These accounted for about 60 percent of all deaths. infectious ailments such as Malaria, Measles, Pertussis (whooping cough), Syphilis and Hepatitis B were also noteworthy as significant causes. In 1900, Heart disease was ranked act four and Cancer number eight as far as being the cause of death. Since the 1940s, the majority of deaths have resulted from Heart disease, Cancer, and other life style diseases. By the late 1990s, lifestyle diseases(degenerative), such as Heart disease, typeface 2 Diabetes and the different forms of Cancer, accounted for more than 70 percent of all deaths.It was original argued that lifestyle diseases have their onset later in an individuals life and need a longer lifespan in set out to become the cause of death. In 1900, the bonny life expectancy of a person was 49.24 years. This was too short for many an(prenominal) of the lifestyle diseases to occur. In 2004, the average life expectancy was estimated at 77.8 years. However, what was regarded as age related diseases in the early 20th century, such as Type 2 Diabetes, eminent blood pressure, Heart disease and Obesity, is no longer the case. These diseases atomic number 18 now recognized as lifestyle diseases, and are now affecting younger members of the population in the western world. Some of the pot are as young as 9 years of age. What are Lifestyle Diseases?What are Lifestyle Diseases?Can you prevent lifestyle diseases from developing?Can you reverse lifestyle diseases, once you have been diagnosed with one? I will depict you with the information you need, to protect you and your family and friends from developing one or more lifestyle diseases. Lifestyle diseases (also sometimes interchangeably called diseases of longevity or diseases of civilization) are diseases that go forth to increase in frequency, as countries become more industriali zed and people live longer. These now include Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Nephritis or Chronic Renal failure, Heart disease, Alzheimers disease, Atherosclerosis, bronchial asthma, Cancer, Chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Crohns disease, Osteoporosis, Stroke, Depression and doseaddiction, such as recreational as well as prescription(prenominal) drugs and/or alcohol. Some commentators maintain a distinction between diseases of longevity, and diseases of civilization. received diseases, such as Diabetes Type 2, Heart disease or Asthma appear to be more prevalent in populations living a western lifestyle. These are the diseases that can be greatly avoided with lifestyle modifications.In most cases it is just a matter of modifying your diet and exercise regime. nutrition and lifestyle are major factors thought to influence susceptibility to many diseases. Drug abuse, tobacco smoking, and excessive alcohol drinking, as well as a lack of exercis e may also increase the attempt of developing certain diseases, especially in later life.

World History: The Worst Dictator of Them All

I will be comparability and contrasting three dictators, Hitler, Stalin, and monoamine oxidase. These three men atomic number 18 assureed to be the knowledge domains mass stumbleing dictator and I would like to investigate which virtuoso of them is the worst ace of them totally. Hitler who was Fuhrer for Ger numerous is infamous for his doings in world war II and his killing of Judaic hatful. Then on that point is Stalin who caused the great little terror in USSR and used cunning schemes to achieve his goals and was a key someone during the Cold War.Finally there is Mao Zedong the great Chinese subversive who fought against the Chinese Nationalist Party and changed China in more modalitys using m all accessible and sparing policies. I will be judging worst dictator by the amount of remainder, social and frugal problems caused during their rule and will also con attituder the rise to their power as a basis to judge these three dictators. I will be giving worst dic tator to whoever has the most death and worst social and economic problems con postring their plant.In the social and economic problems caused it will be in general be the leader create talking ab erupt(a) policies and whether or non it was successful or not. I will also fritter away in the consideration of propaganda used by dictators to trance the stacks trust. Firstly, Mao Zedong the president of the Peoples Republic China or one time known hot seat of the Peoples Republic China started out to be a mere librarian working in a Chinese college. He accordingly joins the Chinese communist graphic symboly that rebels against the animated ruling Nationalist caller in China, the KMT.Mao led his rebels cross directions china fighting and running away from the KMT. only in October inaugural of 1949 he creates the Peoples Republic of China and turns China into communist. some(prenominal) Chinese liked and followed him receivable to his status as legendary revolutionist who bettered the poor and fought for the people who could not fight. In 1958, he sets out to do the Great Leap Forward, which was simply put a 5-year plan sheath of scheme where the goal was to take aim China radically. This reformation involved large agri crazeural communes and about 75,000 farmers, these communes did their own collective farms and families.Following bolshie principles all wages were stirly sh ard amongst the families in the commune. Each family also accredited a small strip of land. However by 1962 this reformation stop due to Soviet Union could not afford to back up China and this failure caused Mao to resign from his post as Chairman of PRC. Many had died of starvation and about 50 one million million million died at this point. evening though he resigned Mao was openly still playing politics, in 1966 he would start an initiative called the Great Cultural Revolution.Ap adult male archives Units 1-3 Study GuideThis involved in the Chinese politics all owing critics of the government to openly speak out against the government and China. This was totally against what Mao had installed when he was Chairman, he took away all forms of granting immunity of speech and had installed many Marxist ideas that were implied by Soviet Union. afterward the critics finished criticizing the government and Mao, he collect up college students and made them attack the critics. Proclaiming that these student body were the Red Guard, who had a responsibility to protect China, Mao started ordering unexplainable orders.During this time there was a politician by the name of Liu Shiaoqi who had notions of wage differentiation and freedom of speech. Mao gave out orders such as banning education, never to consider intellects as superiors, and killed roughly around 78 million Chinese people by this time (including Tibet incident). However this was all indirect killing. He then gave almost all his power to the Gang of Four who caused many troubles and the Chinese public despised them. E trulyone liked Mao even though he killed so many people and caused so many disturbances.His image as great revolutionary leader is still believed today by many Chinese people and much of his wrongdoings is erased from Chinese history. Mao Zedongs points are his mass mangle of his own people and destruction of class corpse, which caused many problems, while go up to power his cunning ideas and tactics are admirable, and he always fought for the peasants at all times which is considered as a favourable thing. redden though he killed many people all these killings were inadvertent or more like unplanned. He also had a cult of somebodyality, which still exists today.Next is Josef Stalin the General secretary of the Central Committee of the communist Party. This man succeeded Lenin who was the leader of USSR and first ever man to successfully work through communism into a kingdom and was considered a Great revolutionist. He rise to power from his position as a secretary of the party to loss leader of USSR by using Lenins cult of personality and pretending to be number one disciple. He would team up with his opponents who wanted his position against one main army then change up his teams.In this way he would always be on the winning side and his opponents never considered him a big threat, in this way he tricked and conned his way to become one of the most ruthless leaders USSR has ever seen. After his consolidation of power he soon worked on getting unloose of all opponents and all future opponents. He first got rid of Leon Trotsky who was Lenins second in command to Mexico. Then one by one he got rid of all intellectuals in USSR. Soon he was the still one in USSR with any proper intellect. This purge of Intellectuals depleted USSRs brainpower completely.After getting rid of the brainpower in USSR he started to implements plan to modernize USSR. His goal was to be able to stand side by side against the Capitalist nations . To achieve these goals he used death camps called Gulags to maintain a rigid control over all counter-revolutionist actions. Then killed the kulak, landlords who owned farm property, and then killed any peasants take for any success. In this way Stalin created a mass famine, which killed 23,000,000 people. Unlike Mao, he did this on purpose due to his fear of counterrevolutionaries and opposition to his power.While Stalin boasted that USSR was having successful economic situations during the Great depression in the States parts of Ukraine did not have food and many died. After this incident, he acted a major part in ending the World War II. They defeated the Nazis who invaded European country. However Stalin ordered Russian army to stay put in the country they had vindicatory liberated from the Nazis. In this way he was able to batten down Satellite states. In the Tehran and Yalta meetings amongst the Big Three, he was able to manage equally amongst Churchill and Roosevelt.In this way he was allowed to keep satellite states provided the coterminous American president and Stalin did not get along as well. Eventually Cold war started and Stalin implemented mass production of arms. He died on 1953. Even though his methods were harsh he was able to modernize USSR into a world power that was at one point equal to America. Stalin is still considered as a hero amongst some Russians, this is mainly due to history books in Russia do not talk about Stalins misdeeds. His misguided methods were genuinely harsh however it produced results, which Stalin sought for.His mass murder of 23,000,000 people was done on purpose unlike Mao, which set abouts him a very scary man. Stalins personality was one of a calculative and methodical almost like a serial killer. He wanted to come across his own goals, which was to be better than the Capitalist nation, mainly America. Stalins points are that he killed many people during the modernization of USSR, his cunning methods wh en he was rising to power, his method to spread communism by using satellite states, and he also made USSR into a Super Power.His successor Nikita had to use destalinization due to Stabilize USSR and make sure it was a safer place to be in. Finally, Adolf Hitler the most famous mass murder and mastermind behind World War II. His genocide of Jewish people is famous amongst all people. He was a painter in Vienna in advance he make the Nazi party. He looked for rich patrons to support his work but the Jewish patrons, most patron are Jewish. However they all rejected him and his abuse towards Jewish people started to grow. He then joins a political party and later on forms the Nazi party.He becomes the leader of this party and leads the Beer dorm Putsch in 1923. He was arrested in this event and then held at prison for 5 years. He wrote his book Mein Kampf and starts to scheme political methods to get his retaliation on the Jews. His pride as Germans started rising and he became v ery Nationalistic after the Great depression which caused the Germany to fall down with America due to the huge debts owed by Germany given out by America. This was to conciliate war reparations to other countries, from World War I.Hitler saw this as a sign of weakness on Americas part and started to do special speeches to the German people using carefully rehearsed speeches. In this way the Nazi party was elected to German Reichstag. Soon Hitler massed enough influence to become Chancellor of Germany and switched took over instead for democracy he becomes the authoritarian of Germany and creates a one party state. Soon he felt compelled to take back what was rightfully German and took back Rhineland. Then soon took Austria, next came Czechoslovakia and then the other European nations started to feel threatened and attacked Germany.This was the start to World War II however before all this when Hitler was just the President of Germany he used his SS to destroy and harass all Jewish people and objects. He used terms as sub-human and started the mass genocide of Jews in Europe, this lead to about twelve million Jews dead. Hitler was a very patriotic person and could not be considered sane considering the fact that he took revenge by climbing to the top most position in Germany which he used to say he was against and then killing twelve million innocent Jews are serial killer kind of actions.His points are his explosive rise to power and he was just plain crazy. As a dictator he was just crazy compared to the other two dictators. I look the worst dictator goes to Mao Zedong, due to mass murder of seventy-eight million people and being a antecedent intellectual but still destroying all beings proclaiming to be intelligent is beyond comprehension. Even though he wanted to modernize China and help out the peasants and make everyone equal, there is no point in destroying the education system and making a group of people suffer just to make another group happy.Al so the fact that he was a former librarian just makes it all the worse he should have recognize the value in having intelligent people. Unlike Hitler who was crazy I think Mao Zedong as he became older became senile and dumb which is why he started the Great Cultural Revolution. Also even though his actions before becoming Chairman of China was very calculative after he became Chairman of China he seems to lack importance to life. He does not care about how many people die just for his policies to work. Which just shows a crazy person or a sick persons mind. However I believe he just moody senile and slowly lost his edge.

Liberation War of Bangladesh Essay

Our liberation is the greatest achievement in our case life. The War of Liberation of Bangladesh took place in the history in 1971. We had been at a lower place Pakistani rule for twenty five years. The Pakistani rulers and their vested interest throng began to treat East Pakistan as a colony gof westernmost Pakistan. Therefore, beneath the leadership of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, a violent mass movement was launched against the autocrats of the West Pakistan. Subsequently, the Awami league won a landslide victory at the choice of the National Assembly of Pakistan held in December 1970. Thus Bangabandhu acquired the right to unionise the government of Pakistan with his absolute majority in the parliament.Despite having absolute majority, Awami League could not ascend to power due to Yahia-Bhutto conspiracy. With the plea of discussion with Bangabandhu, death chair Yahia Khan began to collect arms and ammunitions from West Pakistan. Having taken all preparations, Yahi a flew to Rawalpindi and sign the order for Bangalee massacre. On the black night of March 25, 1971, the Pak army got smoothen the streets of Dhaka. Bangabandhu was arrested and taken to the prison of West Pakistan. In the mean time, Bangabandhu declared the license of Bangladesh.The War of Liberation started and the Pakistani forces cracked down upon the innocent and armless people of Bangladesh. They continued to kill innocent people and intellectuals, torture measureless women, burn houses, loot property and damage crops. One crore of people fled for struggled and took shelter in India. In the meantime, new government was formed at Mujibnagar and people from all walks of life started to take part in the war obeying the call and order of Bangabandhu. As a result, the Mukti Bahini was organized and trained. They started counter ack-ack gun on the Pakistani forces.During the Liberation War of Bangladesh, everyone was a freedom champion and did his best to help the Mukti Bahin i. Eventually the Mukti Bahini gained strength and efficiency and kept the task forces in extreme embarrassment. At one stage, the Mukti Bahini and the Indian forces formed a joint command and started severe attack on the enemy in every sector compelling them to surrender. On the 16th of December, 1971 they surrendered their arms to the enunciate Command at a ceremony in Dhaka. Thus subsequently long nine months of massacre, the War of Liberation came to an end and Bangladesh achieved freedom from the brutish Pakistanis. In fact, it was the triumph of justice over tyranny.

Patricia Bath Biography

Patricia lavatory, born in 1942, faced many problems transaction with discrimination as she climbed her way to the top in her profession. During her life epoch she had completed many accomplishments such as, making a safer and more efficacious way to help cataract patients. Patricia at an former(a) age had begun to love scientific discipline because of her mother and her father, who was also the scratch line African American in his profession. As she was pushed by her parents to pursue a successful career, she begun to strive for and use every she had to get to that point in her profession of ophthalmology.In honor of dark history month, many students have learned about many happenings that trinity up to having this dedication and many people who helped contribute towards it. Patricia cleanse from an early age began making decisions to later help her achieve many goals in ophthalmology, which among all others was the Laserphaco analyse. Many problems stood in Patricias way as she began to puff her startle achievements, but many believe that these obstacles just pushed her further (Lindberg, M. D. ). end-to-end her life Patricia was the first African-American woman to do many things.She was the first to complete a residency in ophthalmology as an African American. In her department, she was the first female at UCLAs Jules Stein Eye plant in 1974. Her profession was dealing with those who had cataracts and in 1988 she really contributed in that aspect, she had created the Laserphaco Probe. The Laserphaco Probe is Patricias accomplishment that she is most known for. As she began to work on this device, she used it on human cadavers and through many of these tests, she made diverse modifications (Patricia E. Bath).The Laserphaco Probe then and now uses a laser to more efficiently, effectively, safely, and painlessly remove the cataracts from a persons eye. Through this she was also the first African-American female doctor to ever receive a patent, o ften less than in four different countries (Biography Channel). The lasers on this invention vaporize the films on the eye of the patient without doing any or severe change to the eye itself. Patricia now works as an educator to upcoming ophthalmologists at her new Residency Training Program. Ophthalmology has been her main profession hroughout her life and flat after retiring from her original place of work she was elected to the bear ons Honorary staff (Lindberg, M. D. ). As defined by the (Merriam Webster) lexicon her profession is, a branch that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. Another milestone in Baths life was that she, co-founded the American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness, which established that eyesight is a basic human right (Biography Channel). However, to get this far in life education was necessary. Bath went to a variety of colleges ranging from Hunter College to Howard University to Colombia University.Patricia Bath will f orever be known as the inventor of a device for cataract surgery, or better known as the Laserphaco Probe. Though face up many obstacles throughout her life Bath overcame them and spun them in her favor to be the first to do many things. To think that this all started with the chemistry company given to her by her mother as a young girl (Biography Channel). Along with her other inspiration she did this, which was the love of humanity and passion for helping others. Bath continues to further help her profession by introducing and inducting new future tense successors into her field through her training program.Work Cited Page Lindberg, M.D., Donald. Patricia Bath. Changing the boldness of Medicine. Harvard Medical School, 19 Feb. 2013. Web. 19 Feb 2013. .Patricia Bath. 2013. The Biography Channel website. Feb 20 2013, 0127 http//www.biography.com/people/patricia-bath-21038525. Patricia E. Bath, MD emailprotected

Discuss the importance of LOYALTY in Millers Essay

Loyalty is one of the big themes in this play and nigh concourse are loyal to each other in the neighbourhood, because on that point are quite a few ineligible immigrants living in that respect and working at the piers, so e veryone authoritys everyone else. This founds loyalty surrounded by this neighborhood because no one would snitch on anybody else. Because wad meet that liveliness is gruelling back home and they need the money to help their families, because perhaps thither isnt any work to earn the money they need, so they herald to a better country hoping they have a better life there.Eddie and Beatrice are happily married, and live to lollher in an apartment with Beatrices niece, Catherine. Beatrice as Eddies wife is very loyal and loves Eddie, he withal loves Beatrice very much, scarcely he is not as loyal to her as she is to him. I laughingstock see this on scallywag 24, when Beatrice says to Eddie, When am I gonna be a wife again, Eddie? I call up that Beatrice is insecure near how Eddie feels ab issue her and their marriage.It seems that Eddie is paying more(prenominal) attention to Catherine because Beatrice, because he is sick that Rodolfo is taking Catherine for a ride, alone he isnt, Eddie is on the dot getting unbalanced over goose egg, but Beatrice thinks that Eddie may think that she is just jealous, but she is just insecure ab go forth the way Eddie really feels about Catherine. Beatrice respects Eddie so much, I can see this because when Eddie is telling Beatrice that nobody will go to that wedding ceremony until Marco apologizes to him, on page 61 and Beatrices response to this was, I cant Katie, I cantShe says this because Eddie had already told her before that if she goes to that wedding then she as well not dress back. So Beatrice obviously chose her husband and his wishes, kinda than go to her nieces wedding. This proves that Beatrice is loyal and would do anything for Eddie. However, Eddie is not so c loselipped to Beatrice. Evidence of this is on page 47 when Eddie kisses Catherine on the mouth I can see that she didnt want Eddie to do that because the text says, he reaches out suddenly, draws her to him, and as she strives to free herself, he kisses her on the mouth whence suddenly Rodolfo pulls on Eddies arm and says, Dont Stop that. feed respect for her. Rodolfo obviously thinks that what Eddie is doing is wrong and he is exhausting to stop him. same I mentioned before, Catherine lives in the same apartment as Eddie, and they get along really well, in fact a little to well. Catherine is a 17 year old young woman, she wants to prove to people that she isnt a little girl anymore, but Eddie is having some trouble believing that. For lawsuit on page 5, Catherine comes in eating away her new skirt and fork outs it of to Eddie.He worrys it but he doesnt want other boys to see her vesture that and so he says to her, youre a baby, you dont understand these things. Eddie is s aying that she cant be going out wearing short skirts, high heels and walking wavy. He is only look out for Catherine. Beatrice has to a fault realized that Catherine is still acting like a little girl in front Eddie. Beatrice says to Catherine on page 30, like you sit on the bathtub talkin to him when hes shaving, in his underwear. Beatrice is exhausting to apologize to Catherine that she cant still be doing that, because Beatrice knows that Catherine is exhausting to show everyone that she is indep removeent, but Catherine doesnt seem to understand because Beatrice says to her again on page 30, but if you act like a baby, then he be treain you like a baby. Like when he comes home sometimes you play a trick on yourself at him like when you was 12 years old This shows that Beatrice is really trying to tell Catherine that she has to stop acting like that in front of Eddie, because she isnt 12 years old anymore, she is nearly 18 years old.This link up in quite well with the me aning of this play because Catherine wants Eddie to have equal faith in her, to let her go to do whatever she wants. other character who is part of this is, Rodolfo. He and his brother, Marco, are illegal immigrants from Italy. They are Beatrices cousins and who have come over to America to work and earn some money to send back home, for their poor families. From the first time Rodolfo met Catherine he really liked her, and as Catherine got to know Rodolfo, she began to like him, a lot.Eddie concisely realizes that there is something going on between Catherine and Rodolfo, because they are going out a lot together and coming home late. Eddie feels jealousy towards Rodolfo because he feels like Catherine is never at home anymore and she is always out with Rodolfo. Eddie is obviously jealous of Rodolfo, and he doesnt really like him as much as he did, this is because Eddie thinks that all Rodolfo wants is his papers so he could stay in America and become an American citizen. This i s not authoritative at all, Rodolfo and Catherine are in love and that is why they want to get married.When Eddie found this out he really didnt know what to do, but he did know that he wasnt going to attend their wedding This made Catherine really upset and she felt as thought she had mazed her faith in Eddie, because he cant be sharp for her whoever she would be with. This brings me to a different character in the play, someone who is very affirmingnessworthy and loyal. Alfieri is a lawyer and so he knows everyone in the neighborhood and their problems. Everyone always comes to Alfieri because he is a very honest and fair man, who people respect.From the first moment Eddie inaugurationed to feel bad about the total Catherine and Rodolfo bit, he straight away turned to Alfieri, because Eddie knew he could tell Alfieri anything even out if its nothing to do with the law. When Eddie is talking to Alfieri on page 31, Eddie had explained the whole situation to Alfieri asked Ed die if there is a nous of law somewhere and he in any case added, Because there is nothing illegal about a girl falling in love with an immigrant. just now Eddie is convinced that all Rodolfo wants is his papers, Alfieri said to Eddie that he doesnt know that but Eddie is determined for Catherine not to be with Rodolfo.As the conversation draws to an end, Alfieri says to Eddie on page 34, let her go. Thats my advice. You did your job, now its her life. Alfieri is trying to help Eddie saying that there is nothing he can do just wish her luck and let her go. Eddie thanks Alfieri this shows trust between Eddie and Alfieri because even though Eddie doesnt like Alfieris advice, he still tells him he wont do anything, because there is nothing he can do. But later on Eddie betrays Alfieris trust and he calls the immigration bureau. On page 50 he says, I want to report something. Illegal immigrants. Two of them.Thats right. He also tells them the address and that he is just round t he neighborhood. But when they start to question him further, he hangs up. There is also a lot of trust between the neighborhood and people seem to get along quite well. But when Eddie found out that there are two more illegal immigrants living upstairs with Marco and Rodolfo, who are Lipari the despatchs nephews, he realizes that he just snitched on them as well as Marco and Rodolfo. Now he is scared because Lipari the butchers families are very hot headed and he will be in trouble when Lipari finds out Eddie snitched on them.So when the immigration officers show up on Eddies door Beatrice is shocked because she realizes what Eddie had done and she is sheepish with Eddie, because she never thought he would actually do that. The immigration officers start to search the apartment, they found no one, and so they run upstairs. Soon they come back down with Marco, Rodolfo and the two strange immigrants Catherine follows down, suddenly Marco breaks from the group and dashes into the m eans and faces Eddie, Marco spits in Eddies face and shouts, that oneI accuse that one Marco wants the whole neighborhood to know that Eddie was the man who snitched them up and Eddie was the man who snitched them up and Eddie tries to explain himself on page 58 but Lipari turns away with his arm around his wife, and they walk away, Eddie shouts for Christs sake I kept them, I gave them the blankets off my bed by saying this he is still trying to explain himself to everyone, but they just turn away and walk off, even his close friends, Louis and Mike.Eddie now learns how important trust is and he also realizes that the neighborhood has lost their trust and loyalty in him. In conclusion I have found out that in this play there is a lot of trust and loyalty between Catherine and Eddie and Rodolfo, Beatrice and Eddie, and Alfieri and Eddie, but in the end there is not so much trust between Eddie and the neighborhood, more like betrayal. In that neighborhood there are quite a few immi grants working on the piers, but people keep it to themselves, because no one wants to snitch.This proves there is trust between everyone in the neighborhood. I think that Millers point of this play was to, actually make people realize that life isnt just all happy endings but there are some issues which need to be talked about, like trust and loyalty in a illegal immigrant environment. I think this name I got from the back of the book explains my point, all the plays that I was trying to write were plays that would grab the audience by the throat and not release them, rather than presenting an emotion which you could observe and walk away. Arthur Miler.

An Adventurous Attitude was Characteristic of Roosevelt

It is habitual sense to take a method and try it, explained Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. If it fails, convey it frankly and try another. This adventurous attitude was characteristic of Roosevelt, who in his tetrad terms as chair, made boundless efforts to end the opinion of the 1930s, and to unblock back the Axis Powers in World War II.Depression-stunned Americans first select Roosevelt to office in 1932, after he promised them a pertly grass for American people. Roosevelt plunged into the Presidency determined to restore American confidence, because he matte up that he terra firmaal g every live on(predicate) everywherenment had the final responsibility for the peoples welfare. Between March and June 1933, kn admit as the First Hundred age, Roosevelt slowly persuaded Congress to create a series of advanced Deal agencies to set upon the Depression.The agencies formed included the Civilian saving Corps, federal Emergency sculptural relief Administration, unta ught Adjustment Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, Farm Security Administration, Home Owners bestow Corporation, and following months brought the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Also enacted during the First Hundred Days was legislation such as the Emergency Banking Relief snatch, and the The Civilian Conservation Corps was created to put jobless young men to work in state forests and parks, planting trees, and constructing roads and erosion-control dams.At its peak, 500,000 men between the ages of 18 and 25 were put to work by the Corps, and a total of 2. 5 jillion had seen service The most pressing problem facing Roosevelt when he took office was to aid the 13 to 15 million dismissed workers and their families. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was created and given a $500 million ppropriation to provide food and other necessities for the unemployed.FERA led to the creation of the Civil plant life Administration, which put millions of un employed workers back to work finished $900 million expense of maintenance and repair of local facilities, such as schools, airports, and sewage systems. The CWA was in brief absorbed by the Public work Administration, which concentrated on formula and conservation projects. To break the situation of the American farmer, Roosevelt set up the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, whose solution was to boost farmers ncome by reducing the number of crops.Farmers who concord to limit their output of staple crops were given payments by the Administration. As the turn in of crops decr relieved, farm prices increased. In three years, farm income increased from $5. 6 trillion to $8. 7 billion. The Tennessee Valley Authority was created to develop the largely untapped resources of the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The shoot for of the TVA was to control the rivers destructive flood waters, improve its navigational facilities, and pose low-cost electrical power for the surr ounding area.Flood waters were contained by means of the construction of 32 dams, which opened up large tracts of land for agrarian and industrial use. Cargo shipping was increased by over 70 times the previous amount through constructing locks in 9 dams, which exaggerated and deepened the channel, and encouraged the construction of port facilities. The TVA has in addition conducted an effective forestry program, replanting eroded timberland, and exploring new methods of fire prevention and forest management.The Great Depression caused more than two-fifths of the kingdoms farmers o lose their farms, and become tenant farmers. To halt the resist in farm ownership, the Farm Security Administration was set up to provide low-interest, long-term loans that would enable tenant farmers to buy and operate their own farms and retire worn out land from use. The FSA also regulated the pay and moments of migrant workers, and helped nearly 40,000 Many homeowners were threatened with forecl osure as the Great Depression wore on, and the Home Owners Loan Corporation was established to help.The HOLC was authorized to use $3 billion in bonds which were exchanged for ortgages, which were then converted into monthly installments over 15 years at low interest rates. About 1 million homeowners were given financial aid, on approximately 20% of all urban dwellings. To enforce the Truth-in Securities Act, which required that all airs and bonds offered for public sale be registered with the Federal Trade Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission was established. Set up to dismiss an scotch depression from occurring again, the SEC was empowered to license all stock exchanges and regulate the manner in which securities wereThe Emergency Banking Relief Act support the Presidents adept to close banks, setting standards for their reopening, and giving the President broad powers over the nations money and banking systems. Banks began to reopen downstairs strict new regul ations and government supervision, and the export of g one-time(a) was prohibited, and the US was taken off the international Gold Standard. The act soon led to prefatorial reforms of the banking system. The National Industrial Recovery Act suspended anti-trust laws, permitting firms to ease competition by rationing production and making price greements.In exchange, they promised to improve working conditions, reduce the work week, abolish child labor, and guarantee the right of their employees to organize and pot collectively. Tailored to meet an immediate crisis, these early New Deal actions, though failing to end the economic slump, greatly eased the burdens of farmers, workers, and industrialists. A series of Supreme Court decisions that struck down the abdominal aortic aneurysm and the NIRA led Roosevelt to launch a Second New Deal, which included the mixer Security Act, Wagner Act, and set up the WorksMany older Americans see their life savings wiped out during the Great Depression, and were forced to rely on their children for support. To alleviate the burden of the family, and to provide a measure of security for the unemployed and their families, the Social Security Act was passed. The Act provided survivors and disability insurance, public assistance, unemployment insurance, and old age retirement insurance. Various welfare measures were also mandated such as aid to dependent children, and aid to The Wagner Act gave Congress jurisdiction over the labor practices of mployers engaged in interstate commerce.The Act upheld the workers rights to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing. Under the Act, the National Labor dealings Board was established to deal with charges of unfair labor practices and to issue step down and desist orders. The number of unionized workers grew rapidly from 3. 5 million to around 15 million in the first years of the Wagner Act. The purpose of the Works Progress Administration wa s to reduce dependence on private benevolence and federal, state, and local relief by putting eople to work on a variety of needed projects.Over 8. million individuals were put to work on over 1. 4 million individual projects, including building schools, hospitals, and post offices. Hundreds of artists and writers also found work under the Federal Arts Program, which was created by the WPA. The last major reform of the New Deal was the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The Act abolished child labor, and provided for an initial minimum wage of 25 cents an hour and a maximum workweek of 44 hours. Hourly wages were stepwise lifted to 40 cents and the workweek reduced to 40 hours, with ime and a half pay for overtime.These controls applied only to firms engaged in interstate commerce, and change nearly 2 million workers. Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal committed the federal government to act forcefully to prevent future economic disasters through direct intervention in virtua lly every aspect of economic life-from agricultural prices to the workings of the stock exchange. The New Deal energized the labor movement, and so swelled the number of people in the Democratic Party that it remained the nations major political party for several decades.

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Essay

Whats an NP?A blow practitioner is a registered foster who has additional bringing up and training in a specialty argona such as family practice or paediatrics. Pediatric and family practice NPs can win regular health anguish for kids. Nurse practitioners have a masters degree in nursing and board certification in their specialty. A pediatric NP has advanced education, skills, and training in caring for infants, children, and teens. Licensed as defend practitioners and registered nurses, NPs follow the rules and regulations of the Nurse Practice Act of the state where they work. If accredited through and through the national board exam, the NP will have an additional enfranchisement such as Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner or Certified Family Nurse Practitioner Task performed by a pediatric nurse practitioner Diagnosing, treating, evaluating and managing acute and chronic illness and disease obtaining checkup histories and conducting physical examinations Ordering, performing, and interpreting diagnostic Prescribing physical therapy and other rehabilitation treatments Prescribing pharmacologic treatments and therapies for acute and chronic illness Providing prenatal do and family planning go providing well-child burster, including screening and immunizations Providing primary and specialty care services, health-maintenance care for adults, including annual physicals Providing care for patients in acute and critical care settings Counseling and educating patients on health behaviors, self-care skills, and treatment options Education requirementsAn advanced degree in nursing is required for pursuing a career as a pediatric nurse practitioner. Before a student enrolls in a masters degree program, completion of an undergrad degree program in nursing is necessary. While many students complete a Bachelor of Science in Nursing, other students may choose to complete an associate degree in nursing program followed by an ADN-MSN bridge program Regardless of under alumna degree choice, the curriculum prepares students for careers as nurses. Undergraduate degrees programs include general education courses and nursing-specific courses and clinical. The clinical experience places students in a live health care setting, such as a hospital or health clinic. nitty-gritty nursing classes include topics, such as * Community nursing* wellness assessment* Nursing ethics* Anatomy and physiology* Complex health problemsSchools that provide programs in this careerUSFUCFUFSalaryThe salary for this career ranges from experience the more(prenominal) experienced you are the higher your pay the less experienced you are the lower your pay.Average $92,250High $109,688Low $81,509Sourceshttp//www1.salary.com/Nurse-Practitioner-Salary.htmlhttp//www.graduatecatalog.ucf.edu/programs/program.aspx?id=1362&tid=708 http//health.usf.edu/nursing/academics/pediatric/index.htmhttp//admissions.nursing.ufl.edu/degrees/graduate/master-of-science-in-nurs ing/family-nurse-practitioner/ http//kidshealth.org/parent/system/doctor/nurse_practitioner.html http//education-portal.com/pediatric_nurse_practitioner.html http//wiki.answers.com/Q/What_task_performed_by_nurse_practitioners

E-Research Proposal Hand Book.Pdf

Hand arrest Of M. S / M. Phil & Ph. D question proffer / Synopsis Compiled By Mr. Nasir Shaheen Additional Registrar & Mr. Ijaz Ahmad Coordinator M. Phil / Ph. D Programs Qurtuba University of cognition and Information technology, Peshawar. e Left Blank Intentionally 4 antedate As a rule, the main comp mavennts of a enquiry translate ar nearly the similar in all discip subscriber lines through aside the world. Though, various ways of referencing and summons point are holdd by the exploreers in their inquiry induce i. e.APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Turabian etc. N sensationtheless, every established university develops its own customized format for its students facilitation in presentation of search final ca examples and theses. This hand sacred scripture is compiled to facilitate the M. S / M. Phil and Ph. D students of Qurtuba University in developing their question proposals and to bring an overall uniformity in their investigate proposals. The format sugg ested in this handbook is mandatory for all M. S / M. Phil and Ph. D. students to develop and wedgemit their proposal for approval of hop on of Ad wagon trainced Studies and question (BOASAR).Further, the students are compulsory to swot up their research proposal under the supervision of their respective supervisors. The purpose of the research proposal / synopsis is to help the scholars to contract and define their research plans. A well developed research proposal needs to implicate accredited basic components, in which a number of questions are to be conferressed. wherefore research on the proposed topic should be under taken and what gains are likely to be earnd? What has been bear previously in this or related athletic fields? What are the objectives of the breeding and how these lead be achieved? What methodological analysis is to be utilise to carry turn up the guinea pig?An extensive sign exercise should help in plan a sound research project, which is li kely to make a real contrisolelyion in successful completion of M. S / M. Phil and Ph. D. research. 1 1 Preliminary Section 1. 1 cognomen scallywag The epithet scalawag of the research proposal / synopsis should include denomination of the research project, fig of the student (with qualifications), depict of the supervisor(s), place of dally and date (month and year) of submission. The topic for research should be selected carefully. It should be specific and well formulated in station to show the nature of run low involved as far as possible (See Sample) . 2 Certificates The take placeing certificates should be attached after title rogue i Detailed Marks Sheet (part of the proposal) iii flattery Certificate (as a part of the proposal / synopsis) 1. 3 (See sample) card of table of issues keep down the sections of proposal / synopsis and rascal recognitions. drug ab office hierarchy of titles and sub titles. 2 2 Body of query Proposal / Synopsis 2. 1 Introduc tion It should provide a sketch description to introduce the landing field of the proposed research work and provide background information relating to the social / political / historical / educational / organizational (etc) context of the study. . 2 Literature refresh A review of the relevant literature showing the work done previously in the area of proposed research is essential to plan promote research effectively. The information give awayn in the review should be support by references. The function of the literature review is to show your supervisor and the department that you are aware of significant writers / researchers in the field, and to imply which issues / topics you leave behind focus on in your review. Literature review is non judge to be extensive for the proposal / synopsis.You should demonstrate critical analysis and your review should be shaped by your argument and should seek to establish your theoretical orientation. 2. 3 Research Problem / Questions A concise research problem arguing that, in one to tierce sentences, describes specifically what the problem is that you intend to solve. It explains what problems or issues you appetite to explore and why you wish to explore them. 3 2. 4 Research Objective The General /Global Objective should state the expected contri preciselyion of the research to the general body of knowledge in the dependent area.The Specific Objectives should state how specifically the general objectives will be achieved. 2. 5 Hypotheses (Optional) The students may include hypothesis of the study in their proposal depending on the nature of the research. Hypotheses should be in the form of Null supposition (H0) and replenishment Hypothesis (H1). 2. 6 Methodology The Methodology section is very chief(prenominal) beca give it documents how you plan to tackle your research problem. Depending on the nature and the underlying methodological pproach to be adopted for the proposed research work the followings may be document in this section Research Design and Method Indicate which research design is to be adopted/ employ (if any) Is the research QUANTITATIVE or QUALITATIVE in nature in terms of the methodology? plow and justify your choice of research method High timid and discuss the relevancy of the adopted method to your study Describe how the adopted method will be applied Research Type Is the research Explorative, Descriptive, Causal or a incident study method? Techniques / Tools /Approaches / Instrumentation/Devices Which techniques, tools/instruments, approaches etc will be adopted and drilld to develop/produce, present/demonstrate the expected go outs of the proposed study Highlight and discuss the relevance of these techniques /tools / instruments /approaches to your study. 4 Describe how these techniques/tools/ instruments or approaches will be applied or use Data Collection Methods (if applicable) distinctly indicate as to whether you are going to use primary or secondary entropy Indicate what does primary or secondary data mean (i. e. provide a theoretical perspective). Identify the secondary data which you are going to use for your study.Population and Sampling Procedures (if applicable) Identify and document the commonwealth or reference for the study. In case of disparate components of the population, clearly indicate this Discuss the various sampling frames, types and techniques that will be adopted including an meter reading of the type of statistical data analysis that will be carried out to analyze the results In brief the guiding principle for composing the methodology section is that it should contain sufficient information for the reader to determine whether the methodology is sound. It may well be the longest section of your proposal. . 7 meaning of the Study While documenting the significance of the research you need to indicate how your research will refine, revise, or extend the frontiers of existing knowledge in the area under investigation. preeminence that such refinements, revisions, or extensions may have substantive, theoretical, or methodological significance. The documentation of the significance of the study should, among oppo speckle things, hang onress the following questions What are the specific, significant, unique/major contributions that the proposed research work will make to the area/body of knowledge? What will be the expected results/ outgrowth of the proposed research? What will be the practical implications/use of the expected results/ case? How will the expected results/outcome of the study be implemented, including a parameter on its possible impact and on what innovations will come astir(predicate) through its implementation (if any)? 5 What areas/directions of further/ posterior research work are likely to arise from the expected outcome/findings or results of the proposed study? What will be im confirmd or changed as a result of the proposed research wo rk? . 8 Limitation Document the potential weaknesses or the possible limitations of the expected results/outcome of the proposed study and the limitations of the approaches, procedures, methods etc to be adopted to achieve the expected results of the proposed study. Also to be include are statements relating to issues, factors beyond the domination of the study. 2. 9 parts & Bibliography A section listing relevant references on which the research proposal is based should be included. Only references reard in the text are to be included in the reference list. The tudents of Social recognitions should use APA style for approval while students of Linguistics and Literature should use MLA Style for language. The student should add the relevant Bibliography in the last part after reference points in alphabetical order. 2. 10 pupil Profile A comprehensive student profile consisting of bio data, educational qualification and professional background of the student should be the las t part of the proposal. The student profile should be made as per suggested format. see sample 6 3 Referencing and Citation For Social intelligences All the students of Social Sciences i. . trouble Sciences, Political Sciences, International Relations and breeding are required to use the following style of referencing and quote in their proposals. (The basic concept is taken from APA style of referencing) 3. 1 Handling Quotes in the Text Short credits (fewer than 40 run-in) are incorporated into the text and premised by double quotation tag ( ). Long quotations ( more than than 40 words) are typed in a type stop with no quotation marks. Indent five spaces and type the sinless quotation on the indented margin without the usual opening paragraph indentation.Give reference information in parentheses ( ) after last sentence in block quotation, with no punctuation following parentheses. If you have a quote at bottom a short quote, enclose it in single quotation marks ( ). If you have a quote within a block quotation, enclose it in double quotation marks ( ). Ellipsis points () are used to indicate material omitted from the body of a quotation, but should not be used at the sufferning or end of a quotation. 3. 2 In-Text Citation Citations within the text of your paper refer the reader to an alphabetical reference list at the end of the paper.APA format uses the origin-date method of credit. The rootages last name and the progeny date are inserted at the appropriate point in the text, following the material cited. Suffixes such as PhD. or Jr. are not included. flora by a single causality If the author is mentioned in the paper, provide the year of pothouselication in ( ) just after the name Ex Hacking (1998) thwarts material on public come in slightly chronic fatigue syndrome. If the author is not mentioned in the paper, at the end of the quote or paraphrase use the authors last name and the year, separated by a commaEx The denomination covers material on public record about chronic fatigue syndrome (Hacking, 1998). If both the author and the date are mentioned in the text, a parenthetical reference is not needed. Ex In a 1993 condition, Gould explains Darwins most successful theory. 7 For exact quotations, cite specific rogue poesy following the year. Ex Emily Bronte expressed increase hostility for the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social (Taylor, 1988, p. 11). For paraphrased passages, page numbers are encouraged, but not required. The year is required. For an online source with no paginationIf page numbers are not provided on an electronic source, use the abbreviation para. to indicate the paragraph location of direct quotes. Ex In exchange for that cooperation, authorities have recommended a sentence of 15 years in prison (Hayes, 2009, para. 4). Works by deuce authors deliver the last label of both authors. Use the word and to separate the names in the sentence, and use an & to separate their names in the parenthetical consultation. Ex As Sullivan and Thomas (1998) point out Ex The turmoil in the Middle East is the result of politics (Sullivan & Thomas, 1998). Works by more than two authorsUse the last names of all authors in the kickoff quote. Then, in all following credit ingresss, include only the last name of the setoff author followed by et al. Ex Writing becomes better as the child matures (Britton, Thomas, & Miller, 1996). Ex According to Britton et al. (1996), a child s writing improves over time. Works with no author identified When a work has no author identified, cite the basic two or ternion words of the reference list submission followed by the year. The starting time entry is usually the title. Italicize the title of a periodical or book use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter.Ex in the book Language Use (1991). Ex article on language use ( land languages, 1993). utility(prenominal) Sources When a work mention s an other, previously published work, acknowledge the original author in your text, but give the source you are using in the reference list. Use the phrase as cited in for your in-text reference. Ex As Villa points out, Perhaps the contradict seems so strong because the stakes are so low (as cited in Affleck, Allen, & Della, 1996). ad hominem Communication (Including letters, e-mail, and interviews) Do not add this information to your reference list. You should cite the information in text only.Give the initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide an exact date Ex L. J. Smith ( psycheal communication, kinsfolk 20, 2009). Ex (A. N. Jones, personal communication, bound 18, 2009). 8 3. 3 quote itemisation BOOKS feeling In titles of books in the reference list, capitalize only the first word of the title, the first word after a colon, and proper nouns. rootages name. (publication date). backing. metropolis and state of publication Publisher. bears by one a uthor Ex Alvarez, M. (1999). The trip within. new-fashioned York, NY Random House. In-text deferred payment (Alvarez, 1999). Books by two to even authors Authors names in the order in which they appear. (date). ennoble of publication. City and state Publisher. Ex Strunk, W. , Jr. , Jones, T. , & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style ( tertiary ed. ). sunrise(prenominal) York, NY Macmillan. In-text citation (Strunk, Jones, & White, 1979). List the first six authors, then insert collar ellipsis points, and add the last Authors name. Books with 8 or more authors Ex Engberg, M. , Dugan, J. P. , Haworth, J. , Williams, T. , Kelly, B. , Johnson, W. , Stewart, S. (2009). Navigating the complexity of higher education in preparation program administration.San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass. prototypic in-text citation (Engberg, Dugan, Haworth, Williams, Kelly, Johnson, Smith, & Stewart, 2009). Subsequent in-text citations (Engberg, et al. , 2009). Alphabetize group authors by the firs t significant word of the name. Books by a group, (date). Title. City Publisher (When the author and publisher are institutional, or the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher). corporate authors Ex Springhouse Corporation. (2002). Assessment made incredibly easy. Springhouse, PA Author. In-text citation (Springhouse Corporation, 2002).For a book with an editor but no author, begin with the name of the editor (or editors) followed by the abbreviation Ed. (or Eds. for more than one editor) in parentheses. Books with Editors Ex Duncan, G. J. , & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds. ). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. tender York, NY Russell Sage Foundation. In-text citation (Duncan & Brooks-Gunn, 1997). 9 Ex Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of indispensable well- being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds. ), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). refreshed York, NY Guilford Press. In-text citation (Haybron, 2008).Cite as you normally would, but add information about the editor in parentheses after the book title. A book pen by an Ex Plath, Sylvia. (2000). The unabridged journals (K. V. Kukil, Ed. ). author but overseen by an parvenue York, NY Anchor. editor For a book with a chapter written by an author but edited by another person In-text citation (Plath, 2000). 3. 4 author List ARTICLES Authors name. (date). Title of chapter or entry. In Editors (Eds. ), Title of reference book. (Vol. , pp. ). Location Publisher. Article or entry in a reference book Ex Field, T. (2002). tiddler abuse and neglect. In A. Kazdin (Ed. , encyclopedia of psychology. (Vol. 2, pp. 61-65). Washington, D. C. Oxford. In-text citation (Field, 2002). Ex Schizophrenia. (1983). In A. Kazdin (Ed. ), The cyclopedia of psychology. (Vol. 10, p. 104). impertinent York, NY Wiley. In-text citation (Schizophrenia, 1983). Scholarly journals are often published by volume, and page numbers may continue throughout the year sooner of beginning each issue with page 1. After the italicized title of the journal, give the volume number (also italicized, but do not use Vol. ) followed by the page numbers at the end of the citation (do not use pp. ) Articles in scholarly Author(s). (date).Title of article. Title of Periodical or daybook, volume journals and periodicals , page s. paginated by volume Ex Spitch, M. L. , Verzy, H. N. , & Wilkie, D. M. (1993). Subjective shortening A simulation of pigeon s memory for event duration. Journal of Experimental Psychology fauna Behavior Processes, 9, 14-66. Articles in journals paginated by issues In-text citation (Spitch, Verzy, & Wilkie, 1993). When each issue of a journal begins with page 1, include the issue number in paranthesesAuthor. (date). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume (issue ), page s. Ex Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 0 News clips are usually published weekly or monthly. nonee the month (and date, if given), along with the year. Remember to include volume and issue numbers if available. Articles in magazines (7. 01. 7) Articles in newspapers (7. 01. 7) Ex Cortese, A. (1998, January 26). Theres more than one way to play monopoly. Business Week, 3562(1), 36. In-text citation (Cortese, 1998). Begin with the name of the author, if one is given, followed by the year, month, and day of publication. paginate numbers are introduced with p. (or pp. for multiple pages). Ex Haney, D. Q. (1998, February 20). Finding eats at mystery of appetite.The Oregonian, pp. A1, A17. In-text citation (Haney, 1998). 3. 5 Reference List ELECTRONIC SOURCES (Including Web sites, electronic books, Pro Quest, EBSCO host and other library databases) If you cannot find some of this information for your reference, cite what is available. Note The updated channellines for electronic sources state that the digital object identifier number (DOI) must be included if one is assigned. A DOI is a unique alphanumeric delineate assigned by a registration a gency to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the profit (American Psychological Association, 2010, 189).Note If a DOI is available, use it at the end of a citation. If it is not available, use the URL of the web site from which the information was retrieved. Note Retrieval dates are only inevitable if the information will prove difficult to find again due to revision (ex. Wikis). Note Titles of documents or articles are not in italics and only the first word is capitalized. Titles of journals and other periodicals are to be written in italics and all major words are capitalized. Titles of web sites are capitalized but not in italics. 11 Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of document. Retrieved from electronic addressEx Shiltz, T. (2002). Strategies for prevention and early intervention of male eating unhinges. Retrieved from http//nationaleatingdisorders. org/p. asp? WebPage_ID=286&Profile_ID= 41172 Web site (Not a periodical article) Articles f rom an online journal Articles from an online magazine U. S. government report from a government agency Web site An online video In text citation (Shiltz, 2002). Ex Butler, Heidi. (2009, November 19). Pennsylvania professor of the year. Retrieved from http//www. northampton. edu/Northampton- NOW/What-anHonor. htm In text citation When referring to a specific get together of nformation, include paragraph numbers in the reference. Use para. Example (Butler, 2003, paras. 2-3). Author(s). (Year of Publication). Title of article. Journal Title, Volume Number (Issue Number), pages if available. Retrieved from electronic address Ex Royce, W. S. , Gebelt, J. L. , & Duff, R. W. (2003). womanly athletes Being both athletic and feminine. Athletic Insight, 5(1), 5662. Retrieved from http//www. athleticinsight. com/VOL5Iss1/FeminineAthl etes. htm In text citation (Royce, Gebelt, & Duff, 2003). Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Volume Number (if given) (Is sue Number), page(s).Retrieved from electronic address. Ex Rauch, J. (2002, May). The marrying kind. The Atlantic Online, 289(5). Retrieved from http//www. theatlantic. com/issues/2002/05/rauch. htm In text citation (Rauch, 2002). Ex Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. (2002). ATF accountability report, 2001. Retrieved from http//www. atf. gov/pub/gen_pub/2001annrpt/fy2001an nrpt. pdf In text citation First citation (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms ATF, 2002). Second and subsequent citations (ATF, 2002). Ex Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch video recording file. Retreived from 2 http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vja83KLQXZs A blog post In-text citation (Norton, 2006). Ex Grohol, J. M. (2009, November 17). The psychology of terrorism Web log message. Retrieved from http//psychcentral. com/blog/ account/2009/11/17/thepsychology-of-terrorism/ In-text citation (Grohol, 2009). Author(s). (Year of publication). Title information abo ut format or version if available. doi or website that document was retrieved from. Online Book (E-Book) Ex Thompson, Art. (1997). The stompbox. Retrieved from http//www. netlibrary. com/ In text citation (Thompson, 1997). Ex Schinraldi, G. R. (2001).The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook A guide to healing, recovery, and growth Adobe Digital Editions version. doi 10. 1036/0071393722 In text citation (Schinraldi, 2001). 3. 6 Reference List MEDIA Single episode from television series Video Ex Astrof, J. & Ottesen, P. (Writers), & Burrows, J. (Director). (1994). The one with the blackout Television series episode. In K. B mighty, M. Kauffman, & D. Crane (Executive producers), Friends. Burbank, CA Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. In-text citation (Astrof, Ottesen, & Burrows, 1994). Ex Thomas, J. & McLaren, M. (Producers), & Linklater, R. (Director). (2006).Fast Food Nation DVD. Beverly Hills, CA 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. In-text citation (Thomas, McLaren, & Linklater, 2006). 13 3. 7 Reference List GENERAL REFERENCE DATABASES Please note The name of the database used and the date the article was retrieved is no longer needed. Including Britannica Online, Credo Reference, and Gale Virtual Reference Library Child care. (2001). In World of Sociology, Gale. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. com In text citation (Child care, 2001). Steinberg, Laurence. (2001). Parent-child relationships. In B. Strickland (Ed. ), The Gale cyclopedia of psychology (2nd ed. pp. 473477). Retrieved from http//go. galegroup. com In text citation (Steinberg, 2001) 3. 8 Reference List GENERAL SUBJECT DATABASES General reference format Author, A. A. , Author, B. B. , & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx, pp-pp. doi xx. xxxxxxxxxx Please note If there is not a digital object identification number (DOI), include the home page of the database in the reference. Use this format Retrieved from http//www Including Pro Quest Central and EBSCOhost Examples (without DOI) Edmondson, J. (2002). The will of the people. The Reading Teacher, 55(5), 452-454.Retrieved from http//proquest. umi. com In text citation (Edmondson, 2002). Saldinger, A. , Cain, A. , & Porterfield, K. (2003, Summer). Managing traumatic stress in children anticipating parental death. Psychiatry, 66(2), 168. Retrieved from http//proquest. umi. com In text citation First citation (Saldinger, Cain, & Porterfield, 2003). Subsequent citations (Saldinger et al. , 2003). Example (with DOI) Fox, K. , Gover, A. , & Kaukinen, C. (2009). The effects of low self-abnegation and childhood maltreatment on stalking victimization among men and women. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 34(3/4), 181-197. doi10. 007/s12103009-9064-4 In text citation (Fox, Gover & Kaukinen, 2009 14 3. 9 Reference List CURRENT/CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES DATABASES CQ Researcher Clemmitt, M. (2009, rattling(a) 28). Health-care reform. CQ Researcher, 19, 693-716. Retrieved from http//library. cqpress . com In-text citation (Clemmitt, 2009) (magazineIssues and Controversies) Child care. (2009, October 22). Issues and Controversies on charge up. Retrieved from http//www. 2facts. com In-text citation (Child care, 2009) Facts on File (magazineTodays Science) A change by reversal on reverse revolution? (2009, November). Todays Science. Retrieved from http//www. 2facts. comIn-text citation (A reverse on reverse revolution? , 2009) (World News Digest) Swine flu U. S. begins vaccinations. (2009, October 15). Facts on File World News Digest. Retrieved from http//www. 2facts. com In-text citation (Swine flu, 2009) Horrigan, J. B. (2003). The net profit fosters online communities. In J. D. millimeter of mercury (Ed. ), Current Controversies The Information Age (n. p. ). San Diego, CA parkhaven Press. Retrieved from http//find. galegroup. com In-text citation (Horrigan, 2003) Opposing Viewpoints ACLU urges Senate committee. (1999). In T. O Neill (Ed. ), Opposing Viewpoints Digests Seri es Biomedical Ethics (n. . ). San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press. Retrieved from http//find. galegroup. com In-text citation (ACLU urges Senate committee, 1999). Epstein, E. (2005, March 23). Left and right united to challenge Patriot form provisions. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A3. Retrieved from http//find. galegroup. com In-text citation (Epstein, 2005) 15 3. 10 Reference List SUBJECT-SPECIFIC DATABASES Access Science Ex Stack, S. M. & Anderson, L. K. Chromosome. doi10. 1036/1097-8542. 134900 In text citation (Stack & Anderson, 2000). The African American Experience Ex Loucky, J. , Armstrong, J. , & Estrada, L. J. (2006). Asylum.In Immigration in America today An encyclopedia (n. p. ). Westport, CT Greenwood Press. Retrieved from http//aae. greenwood. com In text citation (Loucky, Armstrong, & Estrada, 2006). Author(s). (Date of Publication). Title of report (Accession No. xx). Location Publisher. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com Ex Unruh, D. , Bullis, M. , Todis, B. , Wa intrup, M. , Atkins, T. , & National Center on Secondary Education and Transition. (2007). Programs and practices for special education students in alternative education settings (Accession No. ED495869). Research to reading Brief 6(1). National Center on SecondaryEducation and Transition (NCSET), University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com ERIC First in text citation (Unruh, Bullis, Todis, Waintrup, Atkins, & National Center on Secondary Education and Transittion, 2001). Subsequent citations (Unruh et al. , 2001). Ex Dunlap, G. , & Bunton-Pierce, M. (1999). Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Accession No. Washington, D. C. Office of ED436068). superfluous Education and Rehabilitative Services (ED). Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com In text citation (Dunlap & Bunton-Pierce, 1999). 16 floor Databases US Ex OBrien, P. (2000).Viewpoint Yes, internment of Japanese Americans was necessary for national security because some of them were suspe cted of disloyalty (Document No. BT2306200089). In R. J. Allison (Ed. ), History in dispute Vol. 3. American social and political movements, 1900-1945. Farmington Hills, MI Gale. Retrieved from http//galenet. galegroup. com In-text citation (OBrien, 2000). Hoovers Online Ex Murray, B. (n. d. ). Just Born Inc. Retrieved from http//premium. hoovers. com In-text citation (Murray, n. d. ). CINAHL Ex Frame, K. (2003). Empowering preadolescents with ADHD Demons or delights (Accession No. 2003096143).Advances in Nursing Science 26(2), 131-139. Retrieved from search. ebscohost. com In-text citation (Frame, 2003). PsycArticles Ex Alderfer, C. P. (2003). The science and nonscience of Psychologists responses to The Bell Curve. Professional Psychology Research and Practice 34(3). 287-293. doi10. 1037/0735-7028. 34. 3. 287 In-text citation (Alderfer, 2003). PubMed Central Ex Weiss, M. , & Murray, C. (2003). Assessment and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Canadian checkup Association Journal 168(6). 715-722. Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov In-text citation (Weiss & Murray, 2003).Westlaw Campus Ex Lobel, J. (2002). The war on terrorism and civil liberties. University of Pittsburgh Law Review. Retrieved from http//campus. westlaw. com In-text citation (Lobel, 2002). 17 4 Referencing and Citation For Literature and Linguistics Reference citation in the text should be as follows. The citation should be as brief as possible while directing the reader to the correct reference. much than one author with same name Add the first initial (or full first name if initial is the same) (A. Patterson 183 L. Patterson 230) Two or three authors Give all author names (Rabking, Greenberg, and Olander sevensome) 4. 1Single author Simply use Name followed by any relevant page number (Marcuse 197) In text Tannen has argued this point (17885) More than three authors Follow the bibliographic entry (Lauter et al. 2425) or all last names if give n Books A Book by a Single Author Fukuyama, Francis. Our Posthuman Future Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution. New York Farrar, 2002. An Anthology or a Compilation Lopate, Phillip, ed. The Art of the Personal Essay An Anthology from the Graeco-Roman Era to the Present. New York Anchor-Doubleday, 1994. Spafford, Peter, comp. and ed. Interference The Story of Czechoslovakia in the Words of Its Writers.Cheltenham New Clarion, 1992. Two or More Books by the Same Author (Use three hyphens followed by period and then title, or comma and ed. if necessary) Borroff, Marie. Language and the agone Verbal Artistry in Frost, Stevens, and Moore. Chicago U of Chicago P, 1979. , trans. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. New York Norton, 1967. , ed. Wallace Stevens A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs Prentice, 1963. 18 A Book by Two or More Authors Eggins, Suzanne, and Diana Slade. Analysing Casual Conversation. London Cassell, 1997. If there are more than three authors, you may name only the first and add et al. and others), or you may give all names in full in the order in which they appear on the title page. Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley U of California P, 1993. Or Gilman, Sander, Helen King, Roy Porter, George Rousseau, and Elaine Showalter. Hysteria beyond Freud. Berkeley U of California P, 1993. Repeat names in full if the same person is part of a different authorship. Do not use three hyphens unless the total authorship is the same A Book by a Corporate Author American Medical Association. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Charles B. Layman. New York Random, 1989.A Work in an Anthology Allende, Isabel. Toads Mouth. Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A Hammock beneath the Mangoes Stories from Latin America. Ed Thomas Colchie. New York Plume, 1992. 8388. Often the works in anthologies have been published before. If you wish to inform your reader of the date when a previously published scrap other t han a scholarly article first appeared, you may follow the title of the piece with the year of original publication and a period. Franklin, gum benzoin. out-migration to America. 1782. The Faber Book of America. Ed. Christopher Ricks and William L. Vance. Boston Faber, 1992. 2426.An Article in a Reference Book Noon. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. Mohanty, Jitendra M. Indian Philosophy. The New Encyclopedia Britannica Macropaedia. 15th ed. 1987. An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword or an Afterword Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. Selected Poems, 19231967. By Borges. Ed. Norman Thomas Di Giovanni. New York Delta-Dell, 1973. xvxvi. If the introduction, preface, foreword, or afterword has a title, give the title, enwrap in 19 quotation marks, immediately before the name of the part. Brodsky, Joseph. poesy as a Form of Resistance to Reality. Foreword. Winter Dialogue .By Tomas Venclova. Trans. Diana Senechal. Evanston HydraNorthwestern UP, 1997. vii xviii. An Anonymous Book Encyclopedia of Virginia. New York some(prenominal)rset, 1993. A Translation Beowulf. Trans. E. Talbot Donaldson. Ed. Nicholas Howe. New York Norton, 2001. Hildegard of Bingen. Selected Writings. Trans. Mark Atherton. New York Penguin, 2001. A Book Published in a Second or Subsequent Edition Bondanella, Peter. Italian Cinema From Neorealism to the Present. 3rd ed. New York Continuum, 2001. A Multivolume Work Blanco, Richard L. , ed. The American Revolution, 17751783 An Encyclopedia. 2 vols. Hamden Garland, 1993.Crane, Stephen. The University of Virginia Edition of the Works of Stephen Crane. Ed. Fredson Bowers. 10 vols. Charlottesville UP of Virginia, 196976. If you are using one volume of a multivolume work state the number of the volume Lawrence, D. H. The Letters of D. H. Lawrence. Ed. pack T. Boulton. Vol. 8. New York Cambridge UP, 2000. A Book in a Series Neruda, Pablo. Canto General. Trans. Jack Schmitt. Latin Amer. Lit. and Culture 7. Berkeley U of California P, 1991. A Republished Book Atwood, Margaret. The Blind Assassin. 2000. New York Knopf-Random, 2001. A Book with Multiple Publishers Wells, H. G. The Time Machine. 895. London Dent Rutland Tuttle, 1992. A Government Publication Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. Dept. of the Environment, Transport, and the Regions. Our Countryside, the Future A Fair come for Rural England. London HMSO, 2000. New York State. Commission on the Adirondacks in the ordinal Century. The Adirondack Park in the Twenty-First-Century. Albany State of New York, 1990. 20 Poore, Benjamin Perley, comp. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Government Publications of the United States, September 5, 1774March 4, 1881. US 48th Cong. , 2nd sess. Misc. Doc. 67. Washington GPO, 1885.The Published transactions of a Conference Hualde, Jose Ignacio. Patterns of Correspondence in the Adaptation of Spanish Borrowings in Basque. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, February 1215, 1999 General academic session and Parasession on Loan Word Phenomena. Ed. Steve S. Chang, Lily Liaw, and Josef Ruppenhofer. Berkeley Berkeley Linguistics Soc. , 2000. 34858. Freed, Barbara F. , ed. Foreign Language accomplishment Research and the Classroom. Proc. of Consortium for Lang. instruction and Learning Conf. , Oct. 1989, U of Pennsylvania. Lexington Heath, 1991. An Unpublished utteranceBoyle, Anthony T. The epistemic Evolution of Renaissance Utopian Literature, 1516 1657. Diss. New York U, 1983. A Published Dissertation Dietze, Rudolf F. Ralph Ellison The Genesis of an Artist. Diss. U Erlangen-Nurnberg, 1982. Erlanger Beitrage zur Sprach- und Kunstwissenschaft 70. Nurnberg Carl, 1982. 4. 2 Journals and Newspapers An Article in a Journal with Continuous Pagination Hanks, Patrick. Do Word Meanings Exist? Computers and the Humanities 34 (2000) 20515. Mann, Susan. Myths of Asian Womanhood. Journal of Asian Studies 59 (2000) 83562. An Article in a Journal that pages each issue separatelyAlbada, Kelly F. The Public and Private Dialogue about the American Family on Television. Journal of Communication 50. 4 (2000) 79110. Some journals do not use volume numbers at all, number issues only. Treat the issue numbers of such journals as you would volume numbers. 21 An Article in a Newspaper Jeromack, Paul. This Once, a David of the Art World Does Goliath a Favor. New York Times 13 July 2002, late ed. B7+. cut back months as follows Jan. , Feb. , Mar. , Apr. , May, June, July, Aug. , Sept. , Oct. , Nov. , Dec. An Article in a Magazine Mehta, Pratap Bhanu. Exploding Myths. New nation 6 June 1998 1719.An Anonymous Article Dubious Venture. Time 3 Jan. 1994 6465. A Special Issue Perret, Delphine, and Marie-Denise Shelton, eds. Maryse Conde. Spec. issue of Callaloo 18. 3 (1995) 535711. Somin, Ilya. Do Politicians Pander? State Autonomy. Spec. issue of Critical Review 14. 23 (2000) 14755. A Legal Source New York Times Co. v. Tasini. No. 00- 201. irresponsible Ct. of the US. 25 June 2001. 4. 3 Electronic Publications Basic Entry Document from Internet Site Zeki, Semir. Artistic Creativity and the Brain. Science 6 July 2001 5152. Science Magazine. 2002. Amer. Assn. For the Advancement of Science. 24 Sept. 2002 . Entire Internet SiteElectronic Text Center. Ed. David Seaman. 2002. Alderman Lib. , U of Virginia. 19 June 2002 . Online Books Nagata, Linda. Goddesses. 2000. Scifi. com. 4 Oct. 2002 . Keats, John. Ode on a Grecian Urn. Poetical Works. 1884. Bartleby. com Great Books Online. Ed. Steven van Leeuwen. 2002. 5 May 2002 . United States. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and delinquency Prevention. Law Enforcement and Juvenile Crime. By Howard N. Snyder. Dec. 2001. 29 June 2002 . 22 Online Periodicals Butler, Darrell L. , and Martin Sellbom. Barriers to Adopting Technology for Teaching and Learning. Educause Quarterly 25. 2 (2002) 2228. Educause. Aug. 2002 . Publications on CD-ROM, Diskette or magnetic Tape It is important to state the publication medium as different formats may be different. Braunmuller, A. R. , ed. Macbeth. By William Shakespeare. CD-ROM. New York Voyager, 1994. E-mail Communication Harner, James L. E-mail to the author. 20 Aug. 2002. 23 5 Formatting and Presentation 5. 1 Page Size and Quality AA4 (A4-Fine paper) should be used for submission of proposal / synopsis. Minimum paper weight should be 80 grams. 5. 2 Page Setup / Margins At least 1? -1? inches (3. 17-3. 81cm) on the right-hand side, 3/4 1 inch (2 2. 54cm) at the bottom of the page, and about ? 0. 75 inches (1. 27 1. 90cm) at the outer edge. 5. 3 Page Numbering The beat position for the page number is at top-centre or top right ? inch (1. 27 cm) below the edge. Pages containing figures and illustration should be suitable paginated. 5. 4 Font New Times Roman font should be used throughout the proposal / synopsis. 5. 5 Font Size Title Page 22 (Bold) Chapter Titles 16 (Bold) Headings 14 (Bold) Sub He adings 12 (Bold) Text 12 Footnotes / End notes 10 Footnotes be given on the same page where reference is quoted 5. 6 Paragraph Setting Line spacing should be 1. 5 and all the paragraph should be justified (Ctrl + J).No tab is required at the starting of a new paragraph. Use one line space between paragraphs for differentiation. 5. 7 Number of Copies The students are required to ask 20 to 25 copies (as per coordinators directive) other than the win reduplicate, to be presented to Board of Advanced Studies and Research (BOASAR). 5. 8 Binding Only one master copy should be in tape binding with plastic cover and no need of binding for the rest of copies. 5. 9 Submission of wooly Copy of Proposal The students are required to send a PDF copy of their research proposal to the program coordinator on the following e-mail address emailprotected edu. pk 25 Research Proposal The Role of Contingency Employees in organisational Performance (A Case Study of Islamia College, Peshawar) By Nisar Muhammad M. S Management Sciences Student I. D 4818 Supervisor Dr. . Department of Management Sciences ________________________________________________________________ Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar. 26 Recommendation Sheet Certified that the research proposal of Mr / Ms. Your functionary Name, Student I. D 0000, with the title Research Title Bold,14pt, Title Case has been reviewed and recommended to be presented toBoard of Advance Studies and Research (BOASAR) for final review and approval. ______________________ Supervisor Dr 27 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Literature Review.. 3 3. Research Problem / Question.. .. 3 4. Research Objective 4 5. Hypothesis (Optional).. . 4 6. Methodology.. 4 7. Significance of the study 5 8. field and Limitations.. 6 9. References. 6 28 The Role of Contingency Employees in OrganizationalPerformance (A Case Study of Islamia College Peshawar) By Nisar Muhammad 1. Introduction The proposal should start w ith proper headings and sub-headings as per suggested standard format. 29 Student Profile Paste a mountain pass size e-photo here Name ____________________________ s/o _________________________________ Program _________________________ ID ____________________ carrel No _______________________ Land Line No ___________________________ Email ____________________________________ Educational qualification (Starting From the highest Degree) Certificate / Degree Year Division / GradeBoard / University Professional Experience S. No Organization Designation From To 1 2 3 4 Personal Statement (a short paragraph about yourself)____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ __________________________________ ______________________ (Signature of the student)