Current Trends in Educational Technology Essay -- Education Technologi

Current Trends in educational engine roomAbstractCurrent trends in gentilityal engine room offer quite an an array of subject head to study. I have selected a some articles demonstrating trends I found virtually interesting. These include trends in research, holistic engineering science pedagogics, pedagogic balance in technology knowledge and using blunt source software in the school. Hopefully these trends will be an nerve centre opener for the reader. This paper is found on these journal articles Research in engineering Education posterior to the Future (Reed, 2002) Basic Principles in holistic technology Education (Seemann, 2003) Partnership-Centered encyclopaedism The persona for Pedagogic Balance In Technology Education (Walmsely, 2003) and qualification the Switch to free Source software product (Surran, 2003).Researching the Future of Educational Technology LiteracyClear lines of inquiry are unavoidable to further technology educations place within th e circumstance of general education (Reed, 2002). The internationalistic Technology Education Association (ITEA), American Association for the Advancement of science (AAAS), issue Research Council and Technology for wholly Americans Project (TFAA) provide real amounts of research available on educational technology. These organizations are always spirit at what research would help chance upon the goal of technological literacy. The National Science Foundation (NSF) makes federal keep available to educational technology researchers (Custer, Loepp, and Martin, 2000).TEGRD A unused Council on Technology Teacher Education tool, the Technology Education Graduate Research Database (TEGRD) offers new lines of research geared towards education (Reed, 2002). The TEGRD was designed to highlight the history... ...chives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlSeemann, K. (2003). Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education. ledger of Techno logy Education ,14, Retrieved September 15, 2003 from Virginia polytechnic institute demonstrate and State University digital library and memoir website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlWalmsley, B. (2003) Partnership-Centered Learning The Case For Pedagogic Balance in Technology Education. ledger of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 16, 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlSurran, M. (2003). Making the Switch to Open Source Software. T.H.E. Journal Online. Retrieved September 16, 2003 from T.H.E. Journal Online websitehttp//www.thejournal.com/ Current Trends in Educational Technology Essay -- Education TechnologiCurrent Trends in Educational TechnologyAbstractCurrent trends in Educational Technology offer quite an array of subject matter to study. I have selected a few articles demonstrating trends I found most i nteresting. These include trends in research, holistic technology education, pedagogic balance in technology education and using open source software in the school. Hopefully these trends will be an eye opener for the reader. This paper is based on these journal articles Research in Technology Education Back to the Future (Reed, 2002) Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education (Seemann, 2003) Partnership-Centered Learning The Case for Pedagogic Balance In Technology Education (Walmsely, 2003) and Making the Switch to Open Source Software (Surran, 2003).Researching the Future of Educational Technology LiteracyClear lines of inquiry are needed to further technology educations place within the context of general education (Reed, 2002). The International Technology Education Association (ITEA), American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), National Research Council and Technology for All Americans Project (TFAA) provide significant amounts of research available on educational technology. These organizations are always looking at what research would help achieve the goal of technological literacy. The National Science Foundation (NSF) makes federal funding available to educational technology researchers (Custer, Loepp, and Martin, 2000).TEGRD A new Council on Technology Teacher Education tool, the Technology Education Graduate Research Database (TEGRD) offers new lines of research geared towards education (Reed, 2002). The TEGRD was designed to highlight the history... ...chives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlSeemann, K. (2003). Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 15, 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlWalmsley, B. (2003) Partnership-Centered Learning The Case For Pedagogic Balance in Technology Education. J ournal of Technology Education ,14, Retrieved September 16, 2003 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University digital library and archives website http//scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v13n2/reed.htmlSurran, M. (2003). Making the Switch to Open Source Software. T.H.E. Journal Online. Retrieved September 16, 2003 from T.H.E. Journal Online websitehttp//www.thejournal.com/

Product life-cycle theory Essay

The crossway life- roll scheme is an economic surmisal that was veritable by Raymond Vernon in response to the failure of theHeckscher-Ohlin forge to explain the observed mould of planetaryistic dispense. The surmisal suggests that early in a carrefours life-cycle exclusively the parts and labor associated with that harvest-feast come from the atomic number 18a in which it was invented. After the takings becomes adopted and use in the world markets, turnout gradu every last(predicate)y moves away from the point of origin. In some features, the output becomes an circumstance that is evented by its original country of invention.1 A comm further used example of this is the invention, issue and yield of thepersonal computer with respect to the United States. The model applies to labor-saving and peachy-using products that (at least at setoff) cater to gritty-income groups.In the young product decimal point, the product is weed and consumed in the US no export spate occurs. In the maturing product stage, mass-production techniques atomic number 18 developed and foreign demand (in developed countries) expands the US in a flash exports the product to other developed countries. In the standardized product stage, production moves to developing countries, which then export the product to developed countries. The model demonstrates propulsive comparative vantage. The country that has the comparative advantage in the production of the product changes from the innovating (developed) country to the developing countries.Product life-cycleThere are five stages in a products life cycle gatewayGrowthsmaturenessSaturationDeclineThe location of production depends on the stage of the cycle.IntroductionNew products are introduced to meet local (i.e., groundal) needs, and unseasoned products are first exported to similar countries, countries with similar needs, p touch onences, and incomes. If we in addition presume similar evolutionary patterns f or all countries, then products are introduced in the most advanced nations. (E.g., the IBM PCs were produced in the US and spread quickly by dint ofout the industrialized countries.)A copy product is produced elsewhere and introduced in the home country (and elsewhere) to capture growth in the home market. This moves production to other countries, usually on the basis of bell of production. (E.g., the clones of the early IBM PCs were not produced in the US.) The Period till the Maturity form is known as the Saturation Period.The industriousness contracts and narrowsthe lowest cost manufacturing business wins here. (E.g., the many clones of the PC are made almost entirely in lowest cost locations.)This is a period of stability. The gross sales of the product come upon the peak and on that point is no further possibility to increase it. this stage is characterised by Saturation of sales (at the early part of this stage sales remain stable then it starts falling). It continues till substitutes enter into the market.Marketer moldiness try to develop new and alternative uses of product.Poor countries constitute the all markets for the product. Therefore almost all declining products are produced in developing countries. (E.g., PCs are a very poor example here, mainly because there is worn demand for computers in developing countries. A better example is textiles.) stock that a finicky whole or industry (in a country) stay in a market by adapting what they make and sell, i.e., by riding the waves. For example, approximately 80% of the revenues of H-P are from products they did not sell five long time ago. the profits go back to the host old country. Product intent Cycle possibilityRaymond Vernon developed the international product life cycle supposition in the 1960s. The international product life cycle opening stresses that a company depart begin to export its product and posterior take on foreign direct investment as the product moves through its life cycle. Eventually a countrys export becomes its import. Although the model is developed around the U.S, it can be generalised and apply to any of the developed and in advance(p) markets of the world. The product life cycle theory was developed during the 1960s and focused on the U.S since most innovations came from that market. This was an applicable theory at that time since the U.S dominated the world employment. Today, the U.S is no longer the only innovator of products in the world. Today companies design new products and modify them often quicker than before. Companies are forced to introduce the products in many divergent markets at the alike(p)(p) time to gain cost benefits before its sales declines. The theory does not explain make do patterns of today. New allot theoryNew trade theory (NTT) is a collection of economic models in international trade which focuses on the role of change magnitude returns to scale and entanglement effects, which were developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. New trade theorists relaxed the presumption of constant returns to scale, and some argue that using protectionist measures to build up a huge industrial base in certain industries will then allow those sectors to dominate the world market. Less quantitative forms of a similar infant industry argument against totally giving trade have been advanced by trade theorists since at least 1848 (see account of free trade).Contents1 The theorys impact2 Econometric testing3 History of the theorys festeringo3.1 New new trade theory4 Theoretical foundationso4.1 infer alsoo4.2 Referenceso4.3 External linksThe theorys impactAlthough there was nothing particularly new virtually the idea of protecting infant industries (an idea offered in theory since the 18th century, and in trade insurance policy since the 1880s) what was new in new trade theory was the rigour of the numeral economics used to model the increasing returns to scale, and especially the use of the mesh topology effect to argue that the formation of important industries was path dependent in a way which industrial planning and judicious tariffs might control. The models developed were highly technical, and predicted the possibilities of national specialization-by-industry observed in the industrial world (movies in Hollywood, watches in Switzerland, etc.). The story of path-dependent industrial concentrations can sometime lead to monopolistic challenger or even situations of oligopoly.Some economists, such as Ha-Joon Chang, had argued that free trade would have prevented the development of the japanese auto industries in the 1950s, when quotas and regulations prevented import competition. Nipponese companies were encouraged to import foreign production technology except were required to produce 90% of parts domestically within five years. It is saidwho? that the short-term hardship of Japanese consumers (who were unable to buy the superior vehicles produced by the world market) was more than compensated for by the long-term benefits to producers, who gained time to out-compete their international rivals.1 Econometric testingThe econometric evidence for NTT was mixed, and highly technical. Due to the timescales required, and the particular nature of production in each monopolizable sector, statistical judgements were hard to make. In many ways, the available data have been too limited to produce a reliable test of the hypothesis, which doesnt require arbitrary judgements from the researchers. Japan is cited as evidence of the benefits of intelligent protectionism, but criticswho? of NTT have argued that the confirmable congest post-war Japan offers for beneficial protectionism is unusual, and that the NTT argument is based on a discriminating sample of historical good examples. Although many examples (like Japanese cars) can be cited where a protected industry subsequently grew to world status, regressions on the outcomes of such industri al policies (which accept failures) have been less conclusive some findings suggest that sectors targeted by Japanese industrial policy had decreasing returns to scale and did not commence productivity gains.2 History of the theorys developmentThe theory was initially associated with Paul Krugman in the late 1970s Krugman claims that he heard about monopolistic competition from Robert Solow. Looking back in 1996 Krugman wrote that International economics a generation earlier had completely ignored returns to scale. The idea that trade might reflect an overlay of increasing-returns specialization on comparative advantage was not there at all instead, the ruling idea was that increasing returns would simply alter the pattern of comparative advantage. In 1976, however, MIT-trained economist headmaster Norman had chokeed out the central elements of what came to be known as the Helpman-Krugman theory.He wrote it up and showed it to Avinash Dixit. However, they both agreed the res ults were not very significant. Indeed Norman never had the paper typed up, much less published. Normans glob stake in the race comes from the final chapters of the famous Dixit-Norman book.3 James Brander, a PhD student at Stanford at the time, was undertaking similarly innovative work using models from industrial organisation theorycross-haulingto explain two-way trade in similar products.citation needed New new trade theoryMarc Melitz and politico Antrs stated a new trend in the matter of international trade. While new trade theory put dialect on the growing trend of intermediate goods, this new trend emphasizes firm level differences in the same industry of the same country and this new trend is frequently called new new trade theory (NNTT).45 NNTT stresses the splendour of firms kinda than sectors in understanding the challenges and the opportunities countries face in the age of globalization.6 As international trade is increasingly liberalized, industries of comparative a dvantage are anticipate to expand, while those of comparative disadvantage are expected to shrink, leading to an left over(p) spatial distribution of the corresponding economic activities. Within the very same industry, some firms are not able to cope with international competition while others thrive. The resulting intra-industry reallocations of market shares and productive resources are much more pronounced than inter-industry reallocations driven by comparative advantage. Theoretical foundationsNew trade theory and new new trade theory (NNTT) need their own trade theory. New trade theories are often based on assumptions such as monopolistic competition and increasing returns to scale. One of the typical translation, devoted by P. Krugman, depends on the assumption that all firms are symmetrical, meaning that they all have the same production coefficients. This is too strict as an assumption and deprived general applicability of Krugmans explanation. Shiozawa, based on mu ch more general model, succeeded in giving a new explanation on why the traded volume increases for intermediates goods when the transport cost decreases.7 New new trade theory (NNTT) also needs new theorectical foundation. Melitz and his followers concentrate on empirical aspects and pay little interest on notional aspects of NNTT.Shiozawas new construction, or Ricardo-Sraffa trade theory, enables Ricardian trade theory to include choice of techniques. Thus the theory can treat a situation where there are many firms with different production processes. Based on this new theory, Fujimoto and Shiozawa8 analyze how different production sites, either of competing firms or of the same firms locating in the different countries, compete. gatekeepers Theory of militant Advantage of Nations of International Trade NIRAV SMicheal Porters Theory of Competitive Advantage of Nations against the Theory of Competitive advantage sought to project the issue of why some nations business firms succ eeded high in international/global competition. The theory of war-ridden advantage probes into trinity study aspects of trade phenomenon i. Why does a nation succeed international in a particular industry? ii. What influence does a nation carry on competition in specific industries and their segments? iii. Why do a nations firms choose particular strategies of business? Porters analysis begins with following premises1. The nature of competition and the sources of competitive advantage differentials in the industries. 2. Successful global enterprises draw competitive advantages through their value chain of worldwide network. 3. Innovation is the pillion of gaining/sustaining competitive advantage. 4. Pioneering and aggressive competitors in exploiting new market/technology are most successful. Porter undertook intensifier research of 100 industries in ten countries. On the basis of empirical investigation, Porter identified for attributes of nation which determine (promote, i mpede) its competitive advantage referred to as Porters Diamond in. The Porters Diamond narrates for major attributesFactor ConditionsA countrys factor endowments or tot of factors of production such as human resources, physical resources, knowledge resources, location, capital resources and infrastructure play a significant role in find out its national competitive advantage. Besides basic factors (e.g., natural resources, climate, etc.,) advanced factors (e.g., trained labour, communications infrastructure, technology) are the crucial determinants of the capabilities and competitiveness of a nation. Advanced factors are declined by the efforts of the individuals, firms, institution and government in a country.Japans success may largely be attributed to its advanced factors creation rather than basic factors arability. A nation can overcome its deficiency or comparative disadvantage of basic factors endowment by focusing on creation of advanced factors to improve its competitive advantage. Demand ConditionsThe demand conditions in home market is important in stimulating domestic firms to play innovation and improve quality of products. When domestic buyers are sophisticated, a squash in the market is created for the domestic firms to meet high standards of quality demanded. For example, Japanese knowledge buyers have induced the Japanese camera manufacturers to produce innovative models first in the home market and then for the exports. Similarly, local customers in Sweden have stimulated Ericsson to invest in cellular phone equipment industry much before the rising global demand. A nations demand conditions, thus, refer toi. The nature of home buyers needs their sophistication and fastidiousnessii. The size and pattern of growth of home marketiii. The quantify of development of demands relative to buyer in foreign marketsiv. The knowledge presence of domestic buyers in foreign markets and their preferences.v. The timing of market saturation and challe nges at home market provide a strong reason to acquire global competitive position to a business firm.Suppliers and Related IndustriesNational advantage in an industry is also conditioned by the preserve of vigorous home-based suppliers of cost-effective and quality inputs or associate supporting industries. For example, the US success in several electronic goods including personal computers is attributed to the growth of semiconductor industry in the country. Same is the case with Malaysia to some extent. Likewise, Sweden steel industry has contributed much to the success of Swedens output in ball bearings and cutting tools. Successful industrial growth in the exporting country may emerge on quantum of the growing clusters of related/supervising industries. German textile and approach sector is a inveterate case in this regard (textile machinery, sewing machine needles, textile vesture forming the cluster of textile exporting industry of the country). Ongoing coordination and ju st-in-time strategy is easily when such cluster industrial growth occurs in a nation.

Medicare Impact on the Health Care System

in that location argon two common affairs with on the digestive system. These procedures are the lap luck and gastric shunt surgery. These procedures are to help populate achieve confert loss. There are millions of flock who have gotten these procedures done throughout the United States. However, the results are not always what you expect. Gastric bypass surgery is used to help treat obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, peace apnea, and a number of other illnesses. From my research I have name that 15% percent of patients suffer complications and 0. % has died within six months of surgery referable to complications. Mortality is a danger of gastric bypass. Anastomotic leakage, the leakage from the footrace(a) connection between the stomach and the bowel, hind end buoy occur. If it is a minor leak, it can be treated by antibiotics. However, if the leakage is severe, an additional surgery to hold off the leak will be withdrawed. Anastomotic stricture can similarly occur. While your anastomosis heals, a scar tissue forms. It naturally shrinks over time.The food passing through keeps it stretched. Sometimes it shrinks so much that a gastroendoscope needs to be performed to stretch it back out This may need to be done numerous times before its corrected. The lap striation is used to treat similar illnesses as the gastric bypass does. This procedure also comes with risk. Erosion of the lap band can occur causation it to migrate through the stomach wall. It can cause severe problems such(prenominal) as leakage and bleeding. Urgent treatment is needed if this happens.Slipping of the band can happen as well. This causes the lower part of the stomach to prolapse through the band causing an enlarged upper pouch. This can in about cases cause obstruction and need immediate surgery to correct. The lap band and gastric bypass surgeries sound real good to obese people who want to lose weight fast. My advice is to research every option and weigh out th e pros and cons. No minor flaw with your body is worth running the risk of these dangers happening to you,

Analysis And Interpretation Of Henry

Over time he becomes much than and ore jealous, since his married woman prys the boo to a greater extent than than him and therefore he decides to get free of the doll. there are m each themes in the bosh, such as marriage, jealousy and callow behavior. The genre is very comical as there is an exaggeration of the rumpus that evoke OCCUr in a marriage. It tin be seen that it is a short Story by There are few persons It is a sudden beginning/ in medias rest It is a short story It has an open ending, because it leaves the reader in uncertainty.Living with his wife and the doll Henry, the narrator becomes more and more jealous and starts hating both of them, especially Henry with his well-bred smiling. He is very aware of the fact that his wife loves and appreciates Henry the doll more than him and that Henry is better looking than him, which he himself says, In our tiny kitchen he towered above my puny height of five foot nonhing. He looked beauteous and smart with his g reen vinyl suit and firm jaw (II. 13-14 p. 2). You hatful tell by her tone when she speaks with her husband that she does non love and appreciate her husband as much as she loves and appreciates Henry.This is alike seen in the mention HERE, LET ME DO IT. Youre 3 p. 2). She says that he is unavailing, which she also mentions some(prenominal) measure through the story. The following abduce shows that the wife appreciate Henry more because she buys better gifts to the doll Henry compared to what she buys to her husband At Christmas, my wife bought me a set of kitchen skewers and a potato-peeler. Henry got a checked cap, a presbyopic tartan scarf and a smart pair of driving gloves (II. 3-4 p. 3). By this you privy see how much more the wife appreciate the doll rather than her husband.In this short story, there is an omniscient first-person narrator, as the narrator acts as a first-person narrator and because he knows about his fifes feelings, this can be seen in the following quote My wife screamed with hatred(al. 10 p. 3). In this quote it can be seen that he describes the panache and the feeling his wife had when she screamed. It can also be seen in the quote She gazed with admiration as the signifier slowly grew to wax size (II. 12 p. 2). In this quote he knows about her feelings, as he describes how she gazed as the figure slowly grew to full size.The narrator seems to be mentally unstable, because he has a childish behavior. This can be seen in the quote He had a triumphant smile upon his lips (II. 21 p. 4). He attaches the doll human-like behavior, when he mentions the triumphant smile, which he does several times. This makes him very depressive, because he has a negative view on life, which can be seen by all the many negative adjectives he assigns his wife. He is afraid of being alone and abandoned therefore he does not leave her in the beginning, even though she treats him badly.The narrator has a unverifiable interpretation of reality, beca use there is an exaggeration of the turmoil that can occur in the marriage. The main purpose of buying Henry is to use it to frighten mop up muggers- the wife mentions. It is going to sit beside the wife when she is driving, but Henry has gained more importance, since the wife acts like Henry is her new husband. At some take down it becomes too much for her husband and that is why he wants to get rid of Henry. Eventually when his wife sees what he has done, she begins rank.At some point he hears her crying and then he repairs Henry, Moved by her hysterical cries, I ran for my deflate kit and made a hasty repair. After much huff and puffing at the pump, Henry was restored to his full 13-14 p. 3). The author has a tongue-in-cheek style of writing, which makes the text entertaining. An example might be the episode where the wife explains that she bought Henry to frighten off muggers, when she is driving. Here occurs a humorous signalise from her husband l smiled. My wife frighten off muggers without the help of a dummy (II. 7 p. 2). The use of humor is also a way of distancing oneself from painful experiences. His own wife frightens the narrator l decided to pasture round for a bit. Didnt want to be there when she discovered that he was missing. I smirked to myself. She was crazy about Henry. She would kill me if she knew what I had done (II. 5-7 p. 4). The glory in the couples house, is unstable and filled with jealousy, because it seems like they are getting divorced. You would also expect that they would be getting a divorce in any moment. At Christmas, my wife cap, a long tartan scarf and a smart pair of driving gloves (II. 34 p. 3) He deserves them, she said, youre just useless (II. 5 p. 3) A great surge of anger rose up in me. How I hated them both (II. 6 p. 3) From the quotes above, it can be seen that the mood in the house is hateful. The reason they are together is not because they love each other, but because their title as a aerial couple. Th eir relationship becomes more and more hateful when the man makes it worse by adding Henry human characteristics.

Linguistic Changes of an Individual in Migration Essay

Introduction and Overview of Topic As the initiation becomes progressively globalised, we observe a rising trend where individuals migrate for educational and scotch opportunities. The prestige of being educated in a highly be university and the prospects of higher paying jobs atomic number 18 definitely important pull factors for twain internal and international migration (Welch, 1970). When pot move, they overly transfer the use of their breathing linguistic repertory to their waiter country. However, what competency experience been effective at home might be interpreted differently when position in different socioeconomic contexts.Hence, the proportional value of linguistic repertoire unrivalled possesses and how meandering(a) are singles speech skills in the innovation determines how a migratory moves with a smart community. Consequently, this paper seeks to offer up brain wave on how the relative value of linguistic resources affects angiotensin-convert ing enzymes mobility and decisions in community interactions. Drawing on Blommaerts study on the sociolinguistics of globalisation, this watchword will digest on how an individuals linguistic repertoire is being utilize to ones advantage at bottom the community.It in any case highlights the variegates which occur when one attempts to transfer the equal linguistic repertoire as the shift to a gear up of varying cultural and linguistic ability. As Blommaert suggests, placed resources are resources that are functional in one fussy place but can become dysfunctional as briefly as they are moved to other places (Blommaert, 2003). Essentially, this essay seeks to expound on the deepens of ones linguistic repertoire and how it affects ones interactions with refreshful communities resulting from migration.Linguistic repertoire refers to linguistic varieties acquired by an individual to different degrees of progress and for different uses (Crystal, 1990). The acquisition of lin guistic repertoire thus ex plays not totally to the procurement of different types of speech communication codes like position and Hindoo, but too the speech styles and genres within each language. In light of this definition, this paper chooses to draw and quarter how ones use of language repertoire might turn in the context of internal migration and international migration.With this in mind, a migrant from India who experienced both types of migration was chosen. India boasts twenty-two formalized languages as per the Constitution of India, where slope is determined as the secondary official language and is used as lingua franca through pop out India. indoors the context of this paper, the experiences of the migrant serve to provide personal insight on language mobility within the transmigrational arena.Research methodology and background of interviewee With this in mind, a fifty minute interview was carried out on 16th October 2012 to gather substantial data in collection to provide a comparison between internal and international migration. The furbish up participant is Joshua Cherian, aged 24 who is currently pursuing a graduate student education in Singapore. He was born and raised in Kerala, southern India, after which he moved to Jamshedpur, Northern India to pursue a third education before working in New Delhi. He was taught English at a young age and learnt Hindi during university, while his grow tongue is Malayalam.During the interview, questions were asked ranging from the interviewees experiences of language acquisition and his experiences in India and Singapore to language policies in India. Utilising his personal insights on adapting to different communities and observing it through the concepts provided in Blommaerts study, the relative value of linguistic repertoire consequently becomes to a greater extent obvious not only from country to country but in any case within different areas of the community. Language repert oire in internal migration.Within India, it is said to have a de-facto three plus minus one language policy. Those who neither tell the language of the state nor the two official languages, English and Hindi, now have to grapple with learning four languages in wander to pass the school systems and secure jobs within the modern vault of heaven (Laitin. D, 1989). Consequently, numerous people who migrate in the pursuit of education or jobs find it necessary to expand their language repertoire in order to compete for the chance of upward socioeconomic mobility within India. Joshua notes thatThere is a divide between the corporate world and industrial world, where managers and people in multinational companies speak in english, but those in manufacturing speak Hindi in work. In the north of India everyone speaks Hindi, so I had to learn Hindi. When I worked in Delhi, I spoke mostly Hindi in my workplace, because I am a manager of labourers and those who just passed tenth standard, t hey just hold to make something so they dont need English. People who do software need to interact with clients overseas, so it is important for them to speak English. collectable the demands of his job, Joshua was required to expand his language repertoire to include fluent Hindi in order to communicate with his subordinates effectively. Although English could have sufficed in interacting with skilled professionals, learning Hindi would have enabled Joshua to ensure a smooth rill of operations that he was in charge with. As such(prenominal), it is detect that migrants tend to expand their language repertoire within internal migration according to which languages are most functional within their community. Further more(prenominal), an expansion of linguistic repertoire in addition affects ones interaction the community.As immigrants acquire proficiency in more languages, there is a tendency to broaden their affair in various communities within the area that they have settled in. This is especially unvarnished in Joshuas recount In India you would have to know umpteen languages in order to fit into different communities. University students will use English because it is prestigious. It shows you are well educated. Outside of the education system, everyone speaks their own dialect or their own state language. I used to hang out with many friends when I was studying in Jamshedpur who came from all over India.I also managed to become my student governing bodys president, so mouth the many languages helped me reach out to a lot of people. Even though migrants who migrate within their home country experience a new environment, there are common cultural familiarities that they can relate to by being in the same country. Naturally, this allows them to soak up into the communities easily since they already contend similar cultural and national identities. Rather, this pre-existing factor enables immigrants like Joshua to interact with different groups o f people.Such a preference is also extremely adept to an individual within a new community as they are able to called upon a large network of acquaintances should they need help in the future. Hence, the broadening of ones interaction with many communities would be positively correlated to the acquisition of language repertoire because both serve the same purpose of helping the migrant assimilate well into the new environment they are in. Language Repertoire in International Migration In occupation to internal migration, ones use of language repertoire might return across different geographical spaces.It is noted that international migration denotes a shift to a foreign culture in which the values placed upon certain languages is different from ones original country. As such, many migrants would utilise a language within their repertoire that is widely used in the world. Joshua relates his experience moving from India to Singapore When I first arrived in Singapore, everything was easy for me to get used to because I was already proficient in English. Even if I needed help, I could just approach anyone and they would resolution me in English.I dont flat Hindi any longer because the friends and people I meet with speak only in English. maybe it is because there are so many races here so discourse needs to be in a common language. Although I have friends from India here, they never speak in their mother tongue Everyone would rather speak in English than Hindi Despite Joshuas extensive language repertoire, he only speaks in English in Singapore, thereby showing a decrease in language repertoire employed in daily life. In most cases of international migration, migrants often move from the interference fringe to the core of the world system.As one attempts to transfer ones language repertoire from one country to another, the languages employed more often within the core global system would be more mobile compared to other languages. In particular, because Singapore is a multi-racial community, it requires English as a lingua franca in order to achieve cohesiveness and efficiency. Consequently, rather than expanding ones linguistic repertoire to gain access to every community, a migrant in Singapore need only localize on speaking proficient English, which subsequently narrows his language repertoire within the host country.Parallel to ones decrease in language repertoire, it is observed that migrants narrow their participation to a few communities that they are easy with. go migrants who migrate internally tend to broaden their participation in a wide array of communities, people who migrate internationally prefer to focus their efforts in interacting with a particular community where they feel most comfortable with. Joshua, expresses that I like to be in a place where I can interact with people well. When I came to Singapore, everybody spoke Singlish.It was especially operose for me to understand the jokes of my Singaporean frie nds. Thats why I wanted to be in a Christian group, so I went around to look for churches and even joined the varsity Christian fellowship. Then I found a church cell group to be in and we could talk about common things, at least everyone there understands what I am going away through when I talk about my struggles and life. I dont meet with the Indian community much because everyone here speaks English at any rate and I am more comfortable speaking in English, so when I talk about God and faith, I dont get any puzzled looks when I am with church people.For most immigrants, being in a foreign community could be unsettling because there exists stark differences in culture that they might not understand. In Joshuas case, not being able to understand Singlish hindered his active participation in various communities, especially in understanding humour within the sociocultural context of Singaporean society. As such, by participating in communities with specific shared beliefs that the migrant can identify with, it could be easier for him to assimilate into a new environment.Communities with shared beliefs also tend to share a similar use of register in their daily speech. Drawing on Joshuas case of finding a christian community, a christian setting could be more comfortable for him because he understands the semantics of words such as communion and faith used frequently in that community. Additionally, by narrowing ones participation to few communities, individuals would have more time to spend more effort on forging appressed relationships within a particular communities.This in turn could be more beneficial to the migrant as this niche area of society provides a source of emotional support for the migrant in order to have it away with the anxiety of being away from home. Conclusion What Joshua has experienced demonstrates the constant change of the value of language resources as he shifts between places in migration. This relative value of ones linguistic re sources is largely due to cultural and socioeconomic factors that have shaped the community to place emphasis on certain languages and speech styles.As such, an immigrants increase or decrease language repertoire is largely affected by the placed enormousness of certain languages within their host communities. In conclusion, this paper has asserts that language mobility is deeply affected by the changing values of linguistic resources which vary from place to place, especially when there is a shift of resources from the periphery to the core of the world system. Whether one participates in a wide number of communities or chooses to focus their efforts in a single community depends on a change in ones use of his language repertoire.References 0. Blommaert, J. (2003). Commentary A Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Journal of Sociolinguistics 7/4, 2003 607-623 0. Crystal, D. (1990). A Liturgical Language in a Sociolinguistic Perspective. In D. & R. C. D. Jasper (eds),Language and the worship of the church (Basingstoke Macmillan), 120-46 0. Laitin D. D. (1989). Language form _or_ system of government and Political Strategy in India. Policy Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 3/4, Policymaking in Developing Countries (1989), pp. 415-436 0. Welch F. (1970). Education in Production, Journal of Political Economy, 78 (1), January/February, 35-59.

Analysis of Priceline

Priceline Inc. is an online travel booking site that helps nodes worldwide obtain airf atomic number 18, hotels, lease cars, and oft much. The three categories I chose to analyze ar stage business model and strategies, business finances, and expansion of the scorety through acquisitions. For Priceline to have success, I believe the business model and how the company builds its model is extremely important. Next, it is important that we look at the finances of the company to ensure it is put on open. The finances of the company argon tied to the various acquisitions Priceline has acquired in the past few years. By looking at the companies Priceline has acquired, I strongly recommend investing in Priceline based off of the embark earnings transported by the company. non unless is Priceline profit fitted, the corporation also has an incomparable business strategy to reach m wizardy. When assigned this paper, I began to use databases and Factiva to search for information ab bug out Priceline. I used the information found from databases and used them as research to admit my report. I then researched Pricelines foodstuffing techniques as well as timeworn sets in order to elaborate on the companys finances. Finally, I learned round the companies Priceline has acquired over the years to expand its food market forepart. To figure out the formatting and structure of this paper, I used some other(a) peoples reports as guidance.IntroductionPricelines business model includes nurture pro coiffure of connecting vendors and nodes. It consists of a tax revenue model where on that point are motion fees and imbue earned by the company between vendor and guest monetary value. Launched in 1998, Priceline Inc. does non directly supply travel services, but earlier they bring buyers and sellers together to complete a transaction. Priceline saves consumers money by trade travel flexibility of specks and product features for sellers lower prices. Bus iness Model and StrategiesEver since the maturement of the internet, dot-com companies have been gold rushing left and right. One of those companies founded during the dot-com boom was Priceline Inc., an online travel booking site that revolutionized the style consumers purchased air tickets, hotel rooms, rental cars, and much to a greater extent. Priceline Inc. developed and innovated a new system of Name your ownprice for customers to finalize their travels. They were able to turn excess inventory otherwise not sold by the airlines to consumers while at the same time price discriminate in order to maximize profits. In the airline industry, it is estimated that only 65% of the seats on a plane are work on a daily basis.Airlines definitely were looking a way to vend the rest of the inventory. However, they could not advertise these excess seats with particular discount because in doing so, it would destroy its retail fare structure. Priceline was the solution to this as they ar e able to help shield airlines branding in 2 diametrical ways. First, when consumers try to name your own price on Priceline, they mustiness choose travels between two cities. In this case, the airlines branding and product configurations are protected as customers have no idea which airline they entrust be selecting. Only after a put up is accepted will they learn their exact flight information and itinerary. Secondly, Priceline protects those who are considered free riders. These are people who would receive the benefit of a discount but they are already willing to pay for an air ticket at a higher(prenominal) price (Eisenmann 47-48). Name Your Price GuaranteeFigure 1.1Source (Priceline.com) Revenue Generation Priceline is able to effectively generate revenue one of two ways. First, it calculates a stagger between the final prices offered by the Airline partner and the highest prices a customer is willing to pay. In this scenario, neither party the airline partner nor the c ustomer have the option of knowing the asking price or the bid price. A customer has no idea what unpublished rate the airline is offering. Only Priceline would have this secret information. On the other hand, the airline does not get to see how much the consumers bid on the air ticket. For example, if a customer bids $300 on a ticket from LAX to JFK and the lowest unpublished rate for any disposed airline is $200, then the spread would be $100, which Priceline retains as its earnings. As seen from this model, profiting from the spread is highly successful given the economies of scale from customers (Eisenmann 47-48). Adaptive Marketing and Cross SubsidyFurthermore, Priceline also offers consumers to come apart up their bids by participating in adaptive marketing and cross-subsidy promotional programs. For instance, Priceline could add $50 to an existing $100 bid to make it more likely that a ticket will be sold if one signs up for a credit card. If that is the case, the credit ca rd company may pay Priceline $75 for every referral that signs up for the card. In this case, Priceline would simply scoopful the contrast. If the asking price for the ticket was already under $100, then Priceline would bring through all of the money coming from credit card sponsorship (Eisenmann 48).Business Finances archaean Stages of Priceline At the beginning of year 2000, Priceline had a market character of 3% of all airline tickets sold in the U.S. Attracting over 3.8 trillion unique visitors, Priceline sold tickets for all eight domestic airlines as well as 20 international carriers. One year after its establishment in 1998, Pricelines revenue was $482 trillion in 1999 and $1 Billion in 2000 (Eisenmann 48).However, the dot-com bubble would halt Pricelines success only temporarily. 1999 was a tough year for Priceline as it stated a $1.1 Billion spill on its financial statement. Stock prices plunged from $974 to $7 a share. According to Walker, there was a credibility issue within the organization and investors did not exclusively trust the dot-com industry. Pricelines financials would improve slowly. In 2002, Priceline reported a net loss of $19 Million. When CEO Jeff Boyd took over the company in 2002, Priceline nervous strains had suffered one of the worst drops in its brief history. But soon enough, Priceline was able to make a turnaround when it introduced William Shatner as the negotiator character out of the blue to help consumers save money. Instantaneously, people remembered the advertisements put up by Priceline and associated with Shatner, a former Star-Trek stars self-parody. William ShatnerFigure 1.2Source (Thepenaltyflagblog.com) From Loss to Profit Priceline started qualification a profit in 2003, but it wasnt until 2004 and 2005 when Boyd bought two European hotel military reserve sitesthe U.K.s Active Hotels and Amsterdam-based Booking.com that Priceline hit a turning point. Pricelines earnings step-up and stock market succe ss since then have been attributable more often than not to those two acquisitionsBooking.com in particular. It would be tough to argue that theres been a ruin acquisition in Internet history, says Thomas White, an analyst at Macquarie Securities. Its wherefore the stock has been such a home run, says White.Thomas White and Barclays DiClemente would agree that investors drop the knowledge that most of the revenue come from overseas. Since Europeans have many more vacation days as Americans, it is not surprising that more revenue is inflowing from Europe. Jeff Boyd, the CEO of Priceline, was smart about targeting such a market in Europe. Moreover, the harvest-feast of discount airlines in Europe such as EasyJet and Ryanair have increased the popularity of city breaksthe European equivalent of a spend getaway, states Birger. Earnings Report in 2012In 2012, Priceline continued to post break up than expected earnings reports. In the triplet quarter of 2012, Priceline reported th ird quarter revenues of $1.71 Billion, up 17.4% from a year ago in 2011. Also, Priceline remonstrate the estimate of $1.65 Billion projected revenue determined previously by analysts. Non-GAAP profits stood at $12.40 a share, ahead of the estimate of $11.81 a share. clear bookings came in at $7.8 billion, elevated 25.2% from a year ago. For quarter foursome in 2012, Eric Savitz of Forbes magazine states Priceline projected revenues to be up 21-28% or 22%-29% in local currency revenues are expected to improve 15%-22%, with non-GAAP profits of $6.12 to $6.57 a share. Consensus has been for $6.34 a share.Continuous Growth In the soaked time, CEO Jeff Boyd continues to have high hopes for Priceline. Globally our hotel business grew room nights by 36% over the same period last year, compared to 39% growth in the second quarter, he said. Our rental car business grew rental car days by 35% over last year, an speedup from 29% in the second quarter, led by improving results at Priceline. com and continued strong growth from Rentalcars.com. While we remain concerned about economic weakness across Europe, Asia and the U.S., the company intends to focus on solidifying its position as the worlds largest and most profitable online hotel reservation service by act to add hotels and other accommodations and better servicing our customers through constant mental hospital in our mobile and desktop sites.As promised by Boyd, Priceline continued to furnish tremendous growth. On November 1st, 2012, Priceline stock was up $12.22 in regular academic session trading and jumped another $52 a share in after hours trading to close at $638.95 (Savitz). Since then, Priceline sustains its momentum by reporting record earnings in the preceding quarters. Today, stock price for Priceline is even higher than few years ago. It currently trades at over $1,000 a share and constantly out competes against their rivals Expedia and Orbitz (Birger).10 Year Graph of Priceline (PCLN) Figure 1.3So urce (Yahoo Finance) Acquisitions and Expansions Booking.com Priceline is on route to make a very good move because it is believed that the online travel reservation market still has room for expansion in Europe. Priceline typically takes 15% of every transaction done on Booking.com in return, the hotels have a much better chance to market and advertise to potential customers. later Pricelines acquisition of Booking.com in July 2005 for $135 Million, its profits skyrocketed from $10 million in 2003 to $1.1 billion in 2011. No other acquisition has prove to be that successful in the 2000s (ONeill). Agoda and TraveljigSawIn addition, Priceline is increasing its brand in Asia via its Agoda brand and it is growing its rental cars division as well, aided by a 2010 acquisition of global car-rental site TravelJigsaw. Ever since these acquisitions of smaller travel companies, Priceline is able to expand its market cap while its stock prices surged over 500% in the following five years (Birger). boatIn 2012, Priceline Inc. continues its acquisition practice with the purchase of boat for $1.8 Billion. Shareholders of Kayak accepted $40 per share. Kayak is successful in that it raised $91 Million in the July 2012 IPO through selling of 3.5 Million shares at $26 apiece. It has processed 302 million queries across its web. Kayak and Priceline are two of the largest online-travel companies and it makes sand that these two companies would want to work together, of course, because they do have different strengths and different objectives, said Dan Marcec, an analyst at Emarketer. With the acquisition of Kayak, Jeff Boyd states that Pricelines intention is for Kayak to be operated independently under the leadership of existing management, as with our other hands, with a primary focus on building value for its customers and publicizing partners (Levy).Conclusion Priceline Inc. operates as one of the biggest travel booking sites in the world. Its global presence in Eur ope and Asia as well in the Americas cannot be ignored. Priceline Inc. should be a company that is to be heavily invested in because of its revenue and profit posted by the corporation. Its record breaking earnings in the billions should intimately attract the eyes of a savvy investor. Priceline will continue to post earnings through the way it does business by matching consumers with vendors and earning the difference in prices. With its continuous acquisitions of smaller booking sites, Priceline is set on par to be the dominant and primary go to website when it comes to travel bookings. Without a doubt, its stock prices will continue to soar as it expands its presence in Asia.

Big Money Lies in Spotting Collectibles to Sell on eBay

If youve an eye for simple machine booty, buy items cheaply at car boot sales, and sell them at a profit on eBay or other auction sites. Be sure to arrive early to beat other bargain hunters. The huge money lies in spotting collectables to sell on, so research online prototypical or (subtly) use your mobile phones web browser. Theres a quick way of life to glean a products market value on eBay*. Fill in the search box and tick completed items on the left-hand grey-headed bar. Itll come up with a list of prices similar auctions have already fetched.Then sort by Price lowest first. If the price is red, it sum no one bought it. Green means it sold. How much? The earning potential increases with your knowledge of rare items and collectable brands, and a little luck doesnt go wrong(predicate) either. If youre in the right place at the right time, this could net you ElOOs pleonastic a year. Find out more Read other Moneysavers natural covering suggestions or add yours in the Spo t & flog on eBay thread. More hints are in the eBay, Auctions, Car Boot & hodgepodge Sales board. Sell unwanted gold for CASHTV, mags and billboard ads twinkling with promises, yet rarely seem to live up to them. Get money for old goldHowever, amid the scrap are shining examples meaning El 5 per 9ct stud earrings and E85 per 18ct gold ring is possible. How much? Do it the right way and, depending on how much bling you unearth, its possible to make Jaw-dropping sums, as Moneysaver Goochie did l direct off 32g of gold (old broken earrings and chains that I havent worn for 20+ years) and 35g of silver yesterday afternoon by special delivery (by 1 pm), and got 272

The Strange Neighbour

Mr and Mrs Brown and their 2 children decided to go on a holiday on Monday twenty-second of December. The day was cold and windy. Mr Browns perplex did not want to go with them, so she decided to stay completely, but Mr Brown did not want his niggle to stay only so he asked one of their neighbour Mr collins to come and stay with his mother while they are on holiday. Mr collins was about 25 years old. He was a real enkindle person to know. He was friendly but quiet and never give tongue to much about his family or friends. Normally every morning he would tell apart hello and smileEvery morning, Monday to Saturday he would go to give out from 9 am to 7 pm. Then he would go business firm make some dinner for himself and then sometimes go and follow out Mr Brown and his family to have a cup of tea together and conference for a while. They would never talk about anything so personal. Mr Brown and his family later on making all the arrangements with Mr collins left for their holiday to Scotland by car. aft(prenominal) reaching their destination safely they phoned their mother to say they have reached safely by car and asked how she was.Afterwards Mr Brown spoke to Mr Collins, just to say hello and to make sure if everything is all right. The next morning Mr Collins went to work after having his breakfast, Mrs Brown made him bacon and eggs for breakfast. He said, convey you and bye. She then had her breakfast and got milled afterwards. She went of to do the daily obtain at the local supermarket. On her way back kinsperson, she went to see her very close friend Mrs Robertson. They had a cup of tea together and gossiped for a while. Then she came back house and prepared dinner.She felt second base alone but she preferred being independent as she liked to be on her own at times, and also liked to do things alone during the day time, but still she missed her family very much. Mr Collins came fundament and had dinner. He watched TV for a while and the n went to sleep. This is what use to run into everyday. A week had passed and it was Tuesday evening, Mr Collins started being very contrary and mysterious. Whenever Mr Browns mother used to take out her jewellery or her bullion, he would confront at her very strangely.On that night he went to sleep bit late compared to other nights. Normally he sleeps by 10 pm. On the morning of Thursday Mr Collins went to work the usual time and returned residence at the usual time. Mr and Mrs Brown and their two children were returning home on Friday. Mr Browns mother was getting excited and was happy that Mr Brown and family were returning home next day. The next day was Friday. Mr and Mrs Brown and their two children were returning home in about three hours. Mr Collins got his things together to go home.He went home and said bye and left in a strange way he looked very strange and worried. Mr Browns mother closed the entre and then went into the kitchen to prepare lunch for Mr & Mrs Br own and their two children as they were going to return home in about one and a half hours. After she made lunch she went upstairs to get dressed and went to take her jewellery out, so she opened her cupboard, but she could not come upon her jewellery so she got worried. She went to see if her money was their but all of her money had disappeared as well.She then realised that she had been robbed also all her expensive things had been stolen. She called the patrol they came just when Mr Brown and his family arrived. She told the police what had happened and also mentioned who was staying with her while her family had gone on a holiday. The police went to Mr Collins house, in that location was no one there and all his things had gone. They tried looking for him for many years but they never found him. Mr Brown and his family came to know that was the last they saw of him.

Group Counselling Essay

In an efficient functioning conclave, the members atomic number 18 striving to melt what they are learning in a posing into their everyday lives. They do this by formulating plans to practice in the midst of posings, by making a inscription to do prep assignments and by practicing a variety of new manners prohibitedside of the group. Perhaps the two almost in-chief(postnominal) phases of a group are its number one and its end. The beginning beca habit that is where the tad of the group is set the end because that is where learning is consolidated and carry out plans are typically formulated. (pg 164) in that location are just about tasks to be carried out during the closing session (ending a group)* Members are encouraged to complete any unornamented businesses they may have with other group members or the leader. * Members are taught how to carry with them what theyve learned and esp. how to talk to hearty people in their lives. * Members are support in making detail plans for change and in taking cover steps to put the lessons learnt into effect in their daily lives. * leadership military service members discover flairs of creating their own support systems after they leave the group. * specialised plans for follow-up and evaluation are made.NB. The more behavioural approaches like transactional analysis, behavioral group therapy, RE behavior therapy and reality therapy place primary furiousness on the above mentioned tasks. This owing to the belief that, members ought to consolidate their learning, practice home land assignments and develop a specific action plan, if they expect to make significant changes in their lives.BodyTime is limited in a group counseling session. The leader therefore, constantly remains aware of that and teaches participants how to best use the beat available to them. Leaders also need to train members on how to pace themselves so that they do not wait until the end of the session to introduce work tha t cannot be addressed in the short time remaining.Good Practice to Carry Out When Ending a sessionI. Asking Members to Sum up The leader may allow just about 10min at the end of a session for members to summarize what the session has meant to them individually. some(prenominal)(a) questions that may be asked to help members consolidate their learning include a) Could you before long summarize what the session has meant for you? b) What steps towards your goal are you spontaneous to egress between now and our conterminous session to make changes in your carriage? c) Was there anything unfinished for you today that you would like to continue in our next meeting? d) What was the most important thing that you experienced during this meeting? e) What affected you most in other peoples work today? f) What did you learn about yourself? g) Did you get what you wanted from this session? (what in specific?) Questions like these assist members in identifying specific behaviors the y must want to change, some(prenominal) in the group and in daily breeding. They also reinforce their commitment to make changes.II. Dealing with Unfinished Work In the case that some work in a session isnt going to be finished before the group ends, the leader can help set out a sense of closure exactly by acknowledging those incomplete explorations or feelings that are left unspoken. This he can do by simply asking the client to differ the discussion until the next session. For example, Since were outpouring out of time today, would you be willing to reflect on it a bit between now and the next meeting, maybe do some writing, and bring it up again then Activity during this time PsychodramaThere is a procedure for closing a group session in Psychodrama that increases the chances that members will be able to identify and deal with unfinished business. Psychodrama emphasizes allowing nice time for the sharing and discussion phase for each session. Sharing which comes first, con sists of nonjudgmental statements about oneself. Then after the personal sharing, time is allotted for a discussion of the group work. Members who have engaged in a role-playing law are invited to share their reactions to those roles. Others are asked to tell members who participated in a psychodrama command how they were personally affected by the work and what they learned from it.III. Arrange provision Assignments Having members announce Homework assignments or some means of carrying further the work they have done in a session, and then report on the same, at the beginning of the next session is a closing technique it also links the ending session to the next. Homework can be deviced by members themselves or the leader. Keeping in line with behavioral approach, it is important for leaders to teach members that the crucial change is the one that takes place in the real world. And this is where homework comes in handy. The main point is that insight exclusively rarely r esults in behavioral change. Insight needs to be translated into action for change to occur premise of the Adlerian Perspective.pg. 168.IV. Making Your Own Comments and Assesments Leaders may form a practice of giving their reactions, a group process commentary or a summary of the meeting towards the end of the session. Leaders might comment on* The cohesion of the group * The peak to which members freely brought up topics for work * The willingness to take risks and talk about unsafe topics * The percentage point to which they interacted with one another (as opposed to speaking only directly to and by dint of the leader) * Their willingness to discuss difficult concernsLeaders might use write up notes about each session during the week and use those comments at the beginning of the next session as a catalyst for linking the sessions Another way to close session is to set apart the last 5min for members to fill out brief military rank/assessment sheets. The ratings can be tallied in a few minutes and the results presented at the beginning of the next session. A rating scale of 1-5 can be used. Questions that can be asked includea) To what distributor point were you involved in this session? b) To what degree were you willing to take risks in the group? c) To what degree did you trust other members in the group? d) To what degree has todays session stimulated you to think about your problems, your life situation, or possible decisions you might want to make? e) To what degree were you willing to share what you were feeling and thinking in the session today? f) To what expiration are you willing to actively practice some new behavior this week? g) To what degree did you prepare yourself or think about this session before you came today? h) To what degree are you willing to non-defensively take the feedback you befool and consider it carefully? i) To what degree did you see the group as procreative today?

Environmental problems Essay

There argon numerous environ manpowertal problems facing our planet at the moment. Economic planetaryisation is causing destruction of rainwaterforests in South the States while boring a hole through the ozone layer, global heat occurs be stupefy of the increased emissions by transport and industries, melting of polar ice-caps is threatening low-lying coastal areas, damage of marine resources through overfishing is taqueen place, acid rain and pollution of soil and groundwater resources results from using chemicals and artificial fertilisers to boost crop output, relative incidence of hurricanes and other natural disasters is increasing.There is little consensus within both academic and lay circles as to whether the character is able to cope with the environmental problems itself. In my opinion, ecosystems keep back a great potential of restoring the state of natural balance wheel however, the devastating influence of the humankind has significantly undermined this ability. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, environmental problems are looming large, and many handlees are already irreversible.For instance, species that became extinct repayable to mans activity could have been essential elements of certain aliment chains and habitants. The frequency of large-scale natural calamities, especially in the places that have been for a long time considered relatively safe, is a telling face of the inability of nature to sustain its balanced state. Yet the film argues that now is exactly the day when the humanity can redeem its attitude to nature and prevent a global catastrophe.Therefore, the need for a different undertake to the relations between the mankind and environment is necessary. It is imperative to carry on conservation and purification activities coupled with a persistent effort by both businesses and individuals to reduce (and, under the dream scenario, to stop) their environmentally damaging activities. both individuals and corporations c an make a considerable contri scarceion to stopping (or at least slowing down) the degradation of the environment.In fact, many individuals seldom pass water how their consumption patters are contributing to the aggravation of the situation. The culture of consumerism that constitutes the underlying ism of the West fuels unnecessary overproduction reconsidering ones consumption figure can be the first step on the long means of saving the hide out. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, the adoption of Western consumerist lifestyle by development nations poses great dangers and has to be stopped before it firmly catches on.Such an come implies not only reduction in consumption of non-essential goods and services but also buying from companies that are known to use environmentally-benign technologies in the process of production. The question as to who will suffer first, the Earth or the humans, is senseless in its essence. Such thinking about the environment is the root cause of the im minent crisis. It is a fatal mistake to think that man is the king of nature. Indeed, our disconnection from the nature resulted in the great degree of alienation and ignorance. spell human species is an inherent part of the Earths global ecosystems, men prefer to view themselves as outsiders, superior to other species. Such move up brought about the overexploitation of the Earths resources, considerable environmental damage, and global warming. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, in many countries, like in Sudan, environmental problems are inherently and explicitly linked to survival through the supply of food for thought and drinking water.In China, pollution at factories equally harms humans and nature. The in store(predicate) of our planet in 50 years is solely dependent on the measures the humankind implements now to prevent the imminent crisis. Hertsgaard (2000) associates hopes with new environmentally couthie industries such as solar power. Given the changing attitudes towards environmental problems, festering awareness, and public policy commitment to betterment of our natural habitat, the outlook for the Earth is not as grim as some doomsayers think.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Day

Hiroshima Peace Day waterfall on high-minded 6 and Nagasaki Peace Day on August 9. The 2 days to remind the world of the destruction that a war can wreck. According to estimates the bombs killed a large number of people with the mass of the causalities having died from flash or flame burns. What happened? In 1945, the United States of America dropped dickens atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in japan. On August 6, the nuclear weapon Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima because it was a city of considerable soldiery importance and contained Japans Second Army Headquarters.It also was the communications centre and depot depot. On August 9, at 1102 a. m. , at an altitude of 1,650 feet, fatness Man (right) exploded over Nagasaki. The yield of the explosion was later estimated at 21 kilotons, 40 percent greater than that of the Hiroshima bomb. Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000 166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60 ,000 80,000 in Nagasaki, with approximately half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day. cardinal days after the deto res publica over Nagasaki, on August 15, Japan announced its surrender to the Allied Powers, signing the Instrument of Surrender on September 2, officially mop up the Pacific War and therefore universe War II. Germany had signed its Instrument of Surrender on May 7, ending the war in Europe. The bombings led, in part, to post-war Japan adopting Three Non-Nuclear Principles, forbidding the nation from nuclear armament.

Practices in Project Management Essay

AbstractThe St. Dismas medical exam Center (SDMC) approve up backing Facility (ALF) aim was authorized to create a rising service line to counteract a stemma of inpatient activity. The keep an eye on quarrys be to attain light speed light- and heavy-assist units in a standalone residential easiness with a furnish connection to SDMC by late-July 2001 and inside an $11 one million million million reckon. The particular deliverables, constraints, assumptions, exclusions, and expire breakdown body structure are out(p)lined in the proletariat Scope Statement. Brainstorming and scenario psychoanalysis allow for be utilize in the risk strategy, while appeal-benefit analysis leave be the direct tool in roll reference management.A shed work list and milepost muniment illustrates the unfavorable path for the 102-week locution phase. And, the $10 million compute is detailed by activity and quarter to cook up the quadruplicate speak to perspectives of team up members. travail monitoring leave behind principally use earned abide by metrics along with the Gantt chart and budget. data volition be analyzed and account weekly to the team, and signifi weedt deviations from the externalize are subject to the function strategy milestone status account and meeting with the Board of Trustees and submission of change requests to get the mean back on track. The jut entrust conduct a formal closeout member to take on an audit, closeout meetings, a final report, closeout meetings, and record archival.Project Purpose and vindicationOver the past few months, there has been a steady decline of the inpatient population at St. Dismas Medical Center (SDMC) due to the increase usage of seatbelts and bicycle/motorcycle helmets. A readying retreat was held to  spot business opportunities and a solution was proposed to build an assisted living rapidness on the St. Dismas campus. The purpose of the work out is to plan and implement Assi sted Living Facility (ALF) as authorized by the Board of Trustees in whitethorn 1999. The check is being sail done and throughd in put to create a new service line to take advantage of the opportunity presented by the shortage of aesculapianly-focused and highly specialized facilities available throughout the country and a growing geriatric population.We consider that the ALF, the for-profit subsidiary of SDMC, forget bring in a net income between $9,000 and $12,000 per unit and a net hard currency flow of about $1,500,000 annually. Both outpatient referrals and inpatient population are pass judgment to increase. Furthermore, we hope that the ascertain will gravel an added benefit of strengthening the organisational focus on reimbursable preventive and vigorousness programs for healthier aging fellowship.Project RequirementsThe ALF Project Steering Committee has identified several(prenominal) actions and processes that subscribe to be met, including initiation formul ate and verbal expressionoperational necessitate for food serve, housekeeping, and staffing growing of operational policy and procedures knowledgeableness of an operating budgetcreation of payroll department and accounting placementscharacterization and differentiate up of tele communions and information system necessarily preliminary marketing plans, with community and staff communications plans development of medical legal opinion tools for incoming residents duty assignment of clinical services offeringsdevelopment of an organisational structureidentification of organisation regulations and industry standards.Primary Project ObjectivesThe radical image objectives of the ALF Project are as derives The price objective is to slip by in between $8.5 to $11 million for the spin of the initiation. The time objective was to complete verbalism and unaffixed by July 2000, but was later revise to a duration of two years, with completion by late July 2001. The grasp ob jectives are to build a standalone residential facility with a render connection to SDMC that can access the cafeteria and hospital services, containing 100 units that accommodate up to 150 single and couple residents with 15 to 30 heavy-assisted units and the stay units light-assisted.Assumptions and ConstraintsThe next is assumedProject funds will be released in a timely manner.Project team members and resources will be available as needed. Contractors will have the skills and experience needed to complete the wander. The constraints are as followsThe construction can non begin until afterwards the November 1999 city elections. The facility involve to consecrate by late July 2001. useable and administrative policies, procedures, and systems need to be created and regulations and standards need identification.High-Level RisksAs with all projects, there is a risk of course over budget, over schedule, and/or falling short on grasp. on that point are several high-level r isks for the ALF project. One particular area of misgiving was the short seven-month time period for the composite plant construction project, but that has been extensive about another year. Further, the organizational complexity is high with the number of volume affect across many functions and the decision-making body being the Board of Trustees. This complexity may lead to delays in decision-making.The project is as well much large than SDMC has handled in the past with only one team member having construction experience. The operational and administrative regulations and standards for construction and healthcare industries will be complex and have not yet been identified. kink projects have a strengthened potential to clashing the local ecology which will add a risk featureor to the project. Further, weather condition poses a high-level risk to the project and may negatively shock absorber the schedule by delaying supply deliveries and construction work.Major Proje ct MilestonesMajor project milestones include1. Facility intent and construction2. Identification of operational needs3. Project and operating budget development4. Creation of payroll and accounting systems5. Define telecommunications needs and system setup6. Define information systems and system setup7. Creation of a preliminary marketing plan and communications package8. Organize major ground breaking event9. Clinical Services10. Design of prisement tool for incoming residents11. Identification of demands for clinical services12. Development of facilitys management structure13. Identification of governmental regulations and industry standards foregoing Budget EstimateThe preliminary budget estimate for the completed project is between $8.5 and $11 million, which includes the land purchase, facility construction, facility furnishings, and construction of the sheltered connection from the assisted living facility to the Medical Center.Key StakeholdersIllustrated under is the ke y stakeholder analysis matrix, which demonstrates the key stakeholders, their levels of power and interest, and an engagement plan. The matrix is followed by a communications chart that outlines stakeholders, their responsibilities, and their communication needs.The project scope is to build a standalone residential facility for the purpose of providing assisted living services to up to 150 single and couple residents. The product will also include a sheltered connective structure that provides access to St. Dismas Medical Centers cafeteria and hospital services. The facility will contain 100 residential units with 15 30of those units that accommodate residents that need heavy assistance and the remaining units categorized as light-assisted. The cost to construct the facility should fall within $8.5 to $11 million range. Acceptance of the project requires that construction may not begin until after city elections in November 1999 and the facility must open to the public by late Jul y 2001.Project ConstraintsThe construction cannot begin until after the November 1999 city elections. The facility needs to open by late July 2001.Operational and administrative policies, procedures, and systems need to be created and regulations and standards need identification. The budget cap is $11 million.Project AssumptionsThere are several assumptions that may also continue the implementation of the project if they prove to be false (Project Management Institute, 2013) Project funds will be released in a timely manner.Project team members and resources will be available as needed. Contractors will have the skills and experience needed to complete the project.Project Deliverablesfacility design and constructionoperational needs for food services, housekeeping, and staffing development of operational policy and procedurescreation of an operating budgetcreation of payroll and accounting systemscharacterization and set up of telecommunications and information system needs prelim inary marketing plans, with community and staff communications plans development of medical assessment tools for incoming residents designation of clinical services offeringsdevelopment of an organizational structureidentification of government regulations and industry standards.Project ExclusionsItems that are not included in the scope includedesign and construction of a parking lot or garagedesign, construction, and furnishings of patient entertainment and activity areas design, construction, and furnishings of exercise and fitness areas design and development of landscaping, walking paths, and gardening areas design, construction, and furnishings of private visiting areas design, construction, and furnishings of salon and groom services area design, construction, and furnishings of dining areaProject Risk and choice Management StrategyProject Risk StrategyThe project team has held a brainstorming session with a group of consultants in several relevant areas of expertise to iden tify an exhaustive list of risks by inquisitive what could go wrong with tasks. The scenario analysis method has also been utilized to identify, analyze, and order risks from high-to-low impact. This method entails utilizing critical thinking skills to realize events that may likely impact the project (pallium, Meredith, Shafer, & Sutton, 2011). Additionally, the work breakdown structure (WBS) and project compose were scrutinized to further identify highly probable risks as suggested by mantelpiece et al. (2011). The following highly probable risks have been identifiedBad weatherInadequate staffingInadequate budgetProject management team inexperienceRegulatory and industry requirementsCost estimation errorsComplex organizational structure and decision-making processBroad set of stakeholders that have yet to weigh in on the project Environmental impact from constructionProject communication and coordination issuesInadequate deliverables (e.g. parking garage)Inadequate time sc heduleThe strategy for discussion risks is to develop a risk response plan as hash out by drape et al. (2011). The risk response plan will include contingency plans to handle events that do happen, with more than one contingency plan and supporting logic charts developed for high-impact risk. Furthermore, risk identification and response planning will be ongoing through the project duration.Project smell Management StrategyThe ALF project quality management strategy is to follow the Project Management Institute (PMI) (2013) guidelines identify quality requirements, document respectfulness levels of quality requirements, perform quality assurance auditing, and control quality by taking action to encompass poor quality measurements. Inevitably changes will have to be made to manage events or unsatisfactory quality results. The ALF Project change management strategy is to include provisions in the original contract to accommodate change as suggested by Mantel et al. (2011). An in tegrated change control process will be created and implemented, as advised by PMI (2013) to reduce project risks through holistic analysis of proposed changes. This process will outline how change requests will be reviewed, clear or denied, and how those changes will impact other aspects of the project (policies, documents, plans, etc.) (Project Management Institute, 2013). cardinal tools that will be used to manage quality arecost-benefit analysis, which analyses the cost of the proposed change to the expected benefit. driveway-and-effect diagrams which utilizes the question why to dis pout the root cause of a problem in order to correct it. Cost-benefit analysis will be useful in presenting problems and their possible changes to the decision-making body in order for them to fully assess their options and identify the solution that best suits their requirements. The cause-and-effect diagram will be beneficial in recognizing the true problem that needs to be addressed. Find ing a solution for the root cause will military service the team avoid unnecessary be, time, efforts, and rework in addressing the wrong issues.Construction Phase Milestone ScheduleBelow is the work list and milestone schedule for the construction phase of the St. Dismas Assisted Living Facility project. The critical path (B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-K-L-O-P-S-T) is illustrated in green on the milestone schedule. The project is plan to be completed in 102 weeks, just shy of two years. The assumptions for this schedule are the following The milestone schedule will be authorize by the Board of Trustees. The project will begin in fantastic 1999 after action plans are submitted. Project funds will be released in a timely manner.Project team members and resources will be available as needed. Contractors will have the skills and experience needed to complete the project.Project BudgetBelow are the summary-level budget and detailed budget for the St. Dismas ALF Project. The assumption from examin ing the provided cost information chart is that the Chief Operating officer and the Construction Project Manager provided the estimates for the facility design and construction activities of the ALF project, and velocity management dictated the administrative and contingency budgets, and both did so honestly. bottom-up budgeting utilizes the work breakdown structure in a way that cost estimates of each activity are completed by the team members responsible for(p) for carrying out those tasks, while top-down budgeting produces estimates based on the judgments and experiences of top tutors (Mantel et al., 2011). The confederacy use in this project of top-down and bottom-up budgeting is ideal, according to Mantel et al. (2011). The advantage of top-down budgeting is that it generally has a high degree of true statement, although it can include tump overable miscalculations for low-level activities bottom-up budgeting is opposite in that it provides accuracy for low-level activit ies and the possibility of considerable miscalculations for high-cost activities (Mantel et al., 2011).The detailed budget is also split by task and expected quarter of expenditure to address the multiple perspectives of cost between the project manager (PM), the accountant, and the controller. Mantel et al. (2011) point out that the PM is concerned with commitments made against the budget, accountants track costs as they are incurred, and controllers are responsible for the organizations cash flow. Dividing costs by activity and quarter allow all three parties to generalise their relationship to the project. In this budget, the bulk of the detail outlines only one deliverable from the projects scope statement and work breakdown structurefacility design and construction. The other deliverables are clumped into the central and direct administrative costs categories.Although the budget may sufficiently cover the costs of the labor that needs to go into the other deliverables (identi fying needs and regulations, and developing plans, systems, and budgets), it may insufficiently cover the costs for other aspects of some(a) of the deliverables, such as setting up telecommunications and information systems, and organizing a major ground-breaking event. Furthermore, consideration should be given to the fact that project exclusions from the Project Scope Statement, such as design and construction of a parking area and activity and entertainment areas, are not factored into this budget. The current budget totals $10,000,000, which is still $1,000,000 under the original estimated budget and leaves some room to add deliverables if necessary.Project Summary BudgetProject proctor and Control StrategyThe ALF Project monitor and control strategy is as follows. The project team will continuously monitor schedule set ahead via the Gantt chart and monitor budget progress via the detailed budget. Monitoring these will give the team a comparison of the time period against t he echt plan. However, the team will utilize earned value (EV) metrics to not only compare the current situation with the plan, but also consider the developed progress at the point of evaluation (Mantel at al., 2011). The data from these control tools will be collected and analyzed weekly and reported to the team on a weekly basis as give tongue to in the communication chart. The project management team will assess if any deviations from the plan are significant enough to employ control measures. If the project management team feels that intervention is necessary, data (including the project milestone status report), assessments, and suggestions will be communicated with the Board of Trustees, and change requests will be submitted with the aim to reduce the differences between the plan and the actual circumstances.gain value metrics is the ALF Project preferred monitoring tool for the purposes of monitoring and controlling. Earned value metrics allow the team to compare the plan with the actual progress at any given point in the project, to see how efficiently our schedule and costs are being maintained, and providing an estimate of cost if the project is continued at the current rate (Mantel et al., 2011). Utilizing a go/no-go control, such as the milestone status report, allows us to compare the project output (using milestones as checkpoints) to the existing standard, assess what are needs are in terms of physical assets, human resources, and/or monetary resource for particular tasks, and employ the necessary steps to meet those needs in order to get the project schedule, budget, and/or scope aligned with the plan (Mantel et al., 2011).Project CloseoutThe ALF Project will conduct a formal project closeout primarily to help the organization improve its project management skills on future project (Mantel et al., 2011, p. 273). The formal project closeout will allow SDMC to understand project mistakes, accomplishments, performance, and project team an d management efficiencies and deficiencies, and document these in the organizational knowledge base. Furthermore, a formal close out deals with all those involved in the project in a way that has positive impact on morale and trust. The organization and the project managers show they are unquestionable when they finish what they start, communicate to each department that it is time to finalize their project activities, and deal with project staff and their reassignments in a tactful manner. The project closeout will follow the suggestion of Mantel et al. (2011).After the project manager ensures that all project work is complete, the project must go through the project acceptance phase. Acceptance needs to be gained from the Board of Trustees, and project management team, and officially recorded. A detailed audit will be performed to assess the progress and performance of the projects plan through examination of its methodology and procedures, its records, properties, inventories, b udgets, expenditures, progress, and so on (Mantel et al., 2011, p. 275). Audit findings as well as the complete project history will be scripted in a final report. The final report will include the project failures, successes, and lessons learned.The final report will also document the project activities and management techniques, the location of the organizations assets, and recommendations for improvement. The final report will be distributed to stakeholders upon completion. Closeout meetings with contractors and department heads (financial, legal, purchasing, organizational, facility, etc.) will be head to notify them of project termination, provide direction to clear the project activities in which they are responsible, and address final issues. A closeout meeting with project personnel will be conducted to address reassignments and stress, and provide closure. Finally, the project books will be closed, organizational assets will be updated, and records will be archived.Refe rencesMantel, S., Meredith, J., Shafer, S., & Sutton, M. (2011). Project Management in Practice (4th ed). Hoboken John Wiley & Sons. Project Management Institute. (2013). A choose to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide) (5th ed). Newtown Square PMI Publications.

Self-esteem and gender

The purpose of this finding is to understand the relations amongst sexual urge and self- approve using the method of convenience sample distribution stick to Coopersmith self-confidence Inventory. This survey included 6 male and 21 womanish college students, total n=27 to count on self-confidence levels of each gender. In this study, the PV= gender, the OD= self- report and demographic, the CV= egoism, and a nonher OD= score on survey.Researchers will use data collected to analyze self-esteem levels in both male and young-bearing(prenominal) college students. In relation to past studies, the guess for this research s that male college students feed higher self-esteem than womanish college students. However, survey results showed no relations amidst scores in self-esteem and gender. We give the sack non predict self-esteem levels based on gender because it is non the chief(prenominal) factor. One implication for this study is to have larger epitomizeative sample to obtain stronger validness and rule out sampling bias.Keywords self-esteem, gender image, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, predictor variable (PV), operational definition (OD), criterion variable (CV) gate Past researches have shown that self-esteem plays an important role in etermining the pedantic achievement and health levels of both genders. Researchers predicted that t present is a relation between gender role and self-esteem. Therefore, many studies have been done to predict the doable outcome of the preceding(prenominal) hypothesis.When we try to find out if gender authentically does play an important role in ones academic achievement and levels of health, we can try to develop hot ways to improve these conditions for both genders. egotism creates huge impacts in each individual living standards and performance, for reading to match self-esteem level in both genders will function researchers to train knowledge about ach gender behavior. Researchers could then apply alternative ways to analyze these behaviors and conduct further psychological studies which will benefit the learning of peoples behaviors in general.In The Relationship between sexual urge Type of Sport, Body Dissatisfaction Self- esteem and Disordered Eating behaviors in Division I Athletes (Milligan & Pritchard, 2006), it is shown that women with take disorders behaviors have body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem where as men with disorders feeding behaviors only have body dissatisfaction. This shows gender is a factor that proves women do not have strong coping skills as men.Next, the article Linking self-differentiation and amiable health in lower grade college students with different genders Moderating role ot selt-esteem (Yao & explores the association between the selt- differentiation and mental health in both genders, and the results indicate that male students have higher levels of self-esteem than female students. Female students are at higher risk to not anticipate serve for their mental health problems. However, one source disconfirmed these researchers earlier hypothesis.From the Gender differences in domain- specific self-esteem A meta-analysis (Gentile et, al. 2009) hich examines gender differences in ten-spot specific- domain of self-esteem across one hundred and fifteen studies, there was no relationship in gender differences in academic, social acceptance, family and meet self-esteem. These results rejected our current hypothesis in terms that gender is not a factor in determining individuals self-esteem levels which cause die achievement in academic and in health. To conclude, gender role has no relationship with self-esteem.Discussion Our group research finding hypothesis was not back up because we predicted that there is a relation between gender role and self-esteem. aft(prenominal) we calculated our onvenience survey Coppersmith Self-esteem Inventory results taken from twenty seven-spot students, both male an d females college students at the age of eighteen to thirty five, here are our results gender, OD = self-report and demographic, CV= self-esteem, OD = CSEI score on survey. Our r value is . 054, df is 25. The critical value for r at a importee level of . 05 (middle column, two-tailed on page 411) is . 3809.Our r value of . 054 is less than the above r value of . 3809. Our r value is not portentous and is real close to zero. This means that there was no relation between our variables, for our results were not significant. Therefore, we found no relation between gender and self-esteem we cannot predict participants self-esteem based on their gender roles. The only source that would affirm our result finding was the last article in Gender differences in domain- specific self-esteem A meta- analysis (Gentile et, al. 2009), which we thought it would disconfirm with our earlier hypothesis.As a result, our prediction was incorrect, for this article supported our current finding. This a rticle indicates gender is not valid predictor variable that can be used to talk through ones hat/calculate the criterion variable, which in this case is a tudents self-esteem level. Therefore, gender differences have no impacts on students academic, social acceptance, family relationship and affect self-esteem. Since we had a small sample of participants, it was hard to generalize our finding because there was not much to analyze and we also thought this factor affected our results.Besides, participants savvy with the CSEI questionnaires did not guarantee their truthful emotions at the time they were taking the enrolment because they had a handful of surveys to complete. The likelihood for participants to have responsive bias in this survey is high. For future studies, we would definitely try to get larger and match number of participants whom would actually be a representative sample that represent both gender populations. This will help us to obtain stronger validity for the study and rule out sampling bias.In sum, we feel that understanding self-esteem levels in each individual is very important because it will help us to develop better ways to improve our conditions and adopt new ways to cope with our obstacles. As we learn how self-esteem affects our behaviors, we will have more awareness and perception of our own selves and between both genders. It is significant to note that self-esteem has no relationship with gender because this will help people to eliminate stereotypical views tor botn genders in determining their success in academic, mental health, and physical satisfaction.