Developmental disorders of renal disease

Some of the jet pullulatemental kidney disorders include polycystic kidney ailment, congenital nephrotic disease, nephroblastoma, renal agenesis, duplication anomalies, fusion anomalies, malrotation, multicystic dysplastic kidney disease, renal dysplasia, renal hypoplasia, etcetera Congenital nephrotic disease is an inherited disorder that whitethorn present at birth in which the infant has proteins present in the urine (proteinuria) along with hunk of the proboscis (oedema). The civilise is r are and is usually found in children born in Finnish families. Children born with the disorder have a protein found in the urine, known as nephrin.Several substances such as proteins, fats, blood proteins, etc are excreted in the urine. The idiosyncratics develops several symptoms including swelling, low birth weight, malnutrion, kidney failure, short appetite, infections, presence of blood in the urine, poor general health, cloudy appearance of the urine, etc (Charytan, 2006). Nephrob lastoma or Wilms tumour is a mark off characterised by the formation of a malignant tumour in the kidney. It popularly occurs in infants and children. Wilms tumour is a very frequent tumour that develops in the abdomen in children.The condition is frequently related to other birth defects such as urinary tract ab conventionities, enlargement of one half of the body, missing iris, etc. As the condition is more frequent in identical twins, it is considered to have a genetic link. The tumour seldom spreads to the other parts of the body. One in all 200, 000 children develop this disorder. The child may develop several symptoms including abdominal pain and swelling, presence of blood in the urine, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, malaise, hypertension, constipation, cloudiness of the urine, etc (Nanda, 2006).Polycystic renal disease (Cystic renal development disorder) is a familial condition in which the affect individuals develop cysts in the kidney. The condition is an a utosomal dominant condition and the symptoms less frequently develop in childhood. One in every 1000 develops the symptoms of polycystic renal disease. In childhood, an autosomal recessive version of polycystic renal disease can also develop. The child may develop severe symptoms along with renal failure with a fatal outcome. Lung function insufficiency is another frequent complication that can result in death.The common symptoms of polycystic renal disease include abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, presence of blood in urine, flank pain, excessive passage of urine, drowsiness, hypertension, joint pain and swelling, nail defects, cysts in other portions of the body such as testis, liver and pancreas, colon defects, swelling of the kidneys, bile duct defects, portal hypertension, fibrosis, brain abnormalities, kidney stones, anaemia, frequent urinary tract infections, renal failure, liver failure, break and bleeding of the cysts, etc. The child has a positive family history of poly cystic renal disorder.The exact manner in which sevenfold cysts are formed in the kidney is not understood clearly. However, a genetic cause has been outlined. Once the kidney cysts are formed, they ladder to swell, resulting in deterioration of the kidney function. The individual develops several symptoms (Silberberg, 2007). Renal agenesis is a condition in which the kidneys fail to develop. It can occur unilaterally as well as bilaterally. In the bilateral form, several other conditions such as pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios, facial defects, limb abnormalities, etc, occur resulting in fatal outcomes.In the unilateral form, the individual develops trigone and ureteral orifice defects, absence of the ureter, etc. This form is less severe compared to the bilateral version. The individual can survive provided the kidney function is managed appropriately (Merck, 2005). Duplication anomalies are conditions in which the individual develops extra collecting systems. This may affe ct one kidney or both, and may involve the ureter, calyx, ureteral orifice and the renal pelvis. These conditions have to be treated very carefully depending on the extent to which function is affected (Merck, 2005).Fusion anomalies are conditions in which the kidneys are united to one another. However, the ureters are separate and enter the bladder on either side. Several conditions such as vesicoureteral reflux, congenital renal cystic dysplasia, etc, tend to occur more frequently with fusion anomalies. A condition known as horseshoe kidneys is characterised by the fusion of the renal parenchyma bilaterally. It is one of the most common kidney fusion abnormalities. The ureters tend to function normally. Sometimes the point at which the renal pelvis is united to the ureter is abnormal resulting in urinary obstruction.The second most common kidney union anomaly is crossed fused renal ectopia in which the kidneys are present on one of the body, and the ureter crosses the midline of t he body and empties into the bladder of the either side. hotcake kidney or fused pelvic kidney is a condition in which the kidney is single or fused and is emptied into 2 ureters and collecting systems (Merck, 2005). In multicystic dysplastic kidney, the kidneys consist of multiple cysts, cartilage, primitive tubules, and multiple cysts. The individual develops several symptoms such as infection, swelling, hypertension, etc.Renal dysplasia is a condition in which the renal tubules, vasculature, collecting tubules, etc, develop abnormally, resulting in distortion of the normal kidney function. In renal ectopia, the kidneys are not placed in their exact anatomical position resulting in several problems such as obstruction. Renal hypoplasia is a condition in which the ureteral bud gives rise to an underdeveloped and small kidney. However, the size of the nephrons is normal. The individual can develop hypertension (Merck, 2005). Ureterocele is a condition in which the ureter is overdo ne at the point it is inserted into the bladder.At this point, the flow of urine into the bladder is seriously affected resulting in obstruction and hydronephrosis. In neurogenic bladder, due to a defect in the spine at the lumbosacral region, the nerves that supply the bladder are affected resulting in improper drainage of the bladder. The individual is at a put on the line of developing several problems such vesicureteral reflux, infection, renal hypertension, scarring, renal failure, etc. Hydronephrosis is a condition in which the ureter and the collecting system are dilated (Conley, 2007).ReferencesCharytan, D. M. (2006). Congenital nephrotic syndrome. Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from Medline summation Web commit http//wwwils.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001576.htmConley, S. B. (2007). Congenital kidney diseases. Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from Alberta University Web site http//cnserver0.nkf.med.ualberta.ca/nephkids/congdiseases.htmMerck (2005). Renal Anomalies . Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from Merck Web site http//www.merck.com/mmpe/sec19/ch290/ch290b.htmlNanda, R. (2006). Wilms tumor. Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from Medline Plus Web site http//wwwils.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001575.htmSilberberg, C. (2007). Polycystic kidney disease. Retrieved on January 26, 2008, from Medline Plus Web site http//wwwils.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000502.htm